{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:37:34Z","timestamp":1789594654519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dental malocclusion is an increasingly frequent stomatognathic disorder in children and adolescents nowadays. The purpose of this study was to confirm or deny the correlations between body posture and malocclusion. Methods: In the study, gait, distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and body balance were examined. The research group consisted of 76 patients aged 12\u201315 years. The research group was obtained from patients attending periodic dental check-ups at Healthcare Center Your Health EL who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were divided into two groups without malocclusion and with malocclusion, using Angle classification, which enabled determination of the anteroposterior relationship of the first molars. The pedobarographic mat was used to analyze the distribution of foot forces on the ground, the diagnostic system Wiva\u00ae Science was used for gait analysis, and Kineod 3D was used for posture analysis. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test used for analysis showed inconsistency with normal distribution for all measurement parameters. The Mann\u2013Whitney U test was used for the analysis, and the significance level was set at p \u2264 0.05. Results: Examination of the relationship between stabilometric and gait parameters showed that the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla has an important effect on gait rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Patients diagnosed with malocclusion showed high-speed walking rhythm in comparison to patients with Angle\u2019s class I (p = 0.010). The duration of the whole gait cycle (p = 0.007) and the duration of right step (p = 0.027) were prolonged in students without orthodontic disorders compared to the other. Conclusions: The conducted study proved that there is correlation between the presence of a stomatognathic disorder and gait cycle parameters. There is a statistically noticeable correspondence between the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla and walking rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Namely, students who presented malocclusion had a high-speed walking rhythm and decreased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step. On the other hand, students without disorders (Angle\u2019s class I) showed low-speed rhythm and increased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step in comparison to Angle\u2019s classes II and III.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1675389928000},"page":"2716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dental Malocclusion in Mixed Dentition Children and Its Relation to Podal System and Gait Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Perli\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elbl\u0105g, 82-300 Elbl\u0105g, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Jaszczur-Nowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Kruczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elbl\u0105g, 82-300 Elbl\u0105g, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0729-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna Magdalena","family":"Bukowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/07345410.1982.11677818","article-title":"Physical therapy and dentistry: An overview","volume":"1","author":"Rocabado","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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