{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:48:08Z","timestamp":1780084088664,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of bonny-light crude oil was assessed in adult albino rats. The rats were administered with 200, 400, and 800mg\/kg body weight of the crude oil orally for 7 days. Fluid intake was measured daily, initial and final animal body was recorded. The toxic effects on the kidneys were assessed and histological studies carried out. The results revealed that the kidney cells were damaged; crude oil caused a destruction of the renal reserve capacity. There was a significant increase (p \u2264 0.05) in creatinine in the high dose group (800mg\/kg), and a significant decrease (p \u2264 0.05) in urea concentration. Histological examination indicates that crude oil induced severe pathologic changes in the forms of necrosis and oedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph2004020106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,25]],"date-time":"2008-10-25T13:52:15Z","timestamp":1224942735000},"page":"106-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Investigation into the Nephrotoxicity of Nigerian Bonny Light Crude Oil in Albino Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"O. E.","family":"Orisakwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Njan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. J.","family":"Afonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akumka D.","family":"D","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. N.","family":"Orish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. O.","family":"Udemezue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Toxicology of oil field waste hazards to livestock associated with the petroleum industry","volume":"5","author":"Edwards","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"Toxicology of oil field pollutants in cattle: A Review","volume":"37","author":"Coppock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Zedeck, M.S. (1980). Polycycic aromatic hydrocarbon \u2013 a review. 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Environmental Implications of offshore oil and Gas Development in Australia - The findings of an Independent Scientific Review, Australian Petroleum Exploration Association."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"229","article-title":"Classification of potentially toxic chemicals based on their effects on mitochondrial respiration","volume":"15","author":"Masana","year":"1983","journal-title":"Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"938","article-title":"Renal effects of Environmental and occupational lead exposure","volume":"105","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health. Perspect"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(81)90239-8","article-title":"Renal function tests as indicators of kidney subacute toxicity studies","volume":"57","author":"Kluwe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. 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