{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:28:55Z","timestamp":1790015335515,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through national funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cluster sets (CS) are effective in maintaining performance and reducing perceived effort compared to traditional sets (TRD). However, little is known about these effects on adolescent athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CS on the performance of mechanical and perceptual variables in young athletes. Eleven subjects [4 boys (age = 15.5 \u00b1 0.8 years; body mass = 54.3 \u00b1 7.0 kg; body height = 1.67 \u00b1 0.04 m; Back Squat 1RM\/body mass: 1.62 \u00b1 0.19 kg; years from peak height velocity [PHV]: 0.94 \u00b1 0.50) and 7 girls (age = 17.2 \u00b1 1.4 years; body mass = 54.7 \u00b1 6.3 kg; body height = 1.63 \u00b1 0.08 m; Back Squat 1RM\/body mass: 1.22 \u00b1 0.16 kg; years from PHV: 3.33 \u00b1 1.00)] participated in a randomized crossover design with one traditional (TRD: 3 \u00d7 8, no intra-set and 225 s interest rest) and two clusters (CS1: 3 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 4, one 30 s intra-set and 180 s inter-set rest; and CS2: 3 \u00d7 4 \u00d7 2, three 30 s intra-set and 90 s inter-set rest) protocols. The subjects were assessed for a Back Squat 1RM for the first meet, then performed the three protocols on three different days, with at least 48 h between them. During experimental sessions, a back squat exercise was performed, and mean propulsive velocity (MPV), power (MPP), and force (MPF) were collected to analyze performance between protocols, together with measures of countermovement jump (CMJ) and perceptual responses through Rating of Perceived Exertion for each set (RPE-Set) and the overall session (S-RPE), and Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The results showed that velocity and power decline (MVD and MPD) were favorable for CS2 (MVD: \u22125.61 \u00b1 14.84%; MPD: \u22125.63 \u00b1 14.91%) against TRD (MVD: \u221221.10 \u00b1 11.88%; MPD: \u221220.98 \u00b1 11.85%) (p &lt; 0.01) and CS1 (MVD: \u221221.44 \u00b1 12.13%; MPD: \u221221.50 \u00b1 12.20%) (p &lt; 0.05). For RPE-Set, the scores were smaller for CS2 (RPE8: 3.23 \u00b1 0.61; RPE16: 4.32 \u00b1 1.42; RPE24: 4.46 \u00b1 1.51) compared to TRD (RPE8: 4.73 \u00b1 1.33; RPE16: 5.46 \u00b1 1.62; RPE24: 6.23 \u00b1 1.97) (p = 0.008), as well as for Session RPE (CS2: 4.32 \u00b1 1.59; TRD: 5.68 \u00b1 1.75) (p = 0.015). There were no changes for jump height (CMJ: p = 0.985), and the difference between time points in CMJ (\u0394CMJ: p = 0.213) and muscle soreness (DOMS: p = 0.437) were identified. Our findings suggest that using CS with a greater number of intra-set rests is more efficient even with the total rest interval equalized, presenting lower decreases in mechanical performance and lower perceptual effort responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1675652252000},"page":"2810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influence of Cluster Sets on Mechanical and Perceptual Variables in Adolescent Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-7852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Api","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 81310-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosimeide Francisco dos Santos","family":"Legnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo Bertella","family":"Foschiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Collegiate, Federal Institute of Paran\u00e1, Palmas 85555-000, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elto","family":"Legnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 81310-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Holistic Soccer Profile by Position: A Theoretical Framework","volume":"24","author":"Mota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. 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