{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:06:24Z","timestamp":1783422384616,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health\u2019s NIHR Biomedical Research Centre","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]},{"name":"European Society of Cardiology Research Grant","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]},{"name":"Italian Society of Cardiology","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]},{"name":"MSD Italia\u2013Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corporation","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]},{"name":"Swiss Heart Rhythm Foundation","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]},{"name":"ERA-CVD","award":["JTC-2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JTC-2018-026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac disease associated with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) with circadian and seasonal variation in ARVC. One hundred two ARVC patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were enrolled in the study. Arrhythmic events included (a) any initial ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) prompting ICD implantation, (b) any VT or non-sustained VT (NSVT) recorded by the ICD, and (c) appropriate ICD shocks\/therapy. Differences in the annual incidence of events across seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn) and period of the day (night, morning, afternoon, evening) were assessed both for all cardiac events and major arrhythmic events. In total, 67 events prior to implantation and 263 ICD events were recorded. These included 135 major (58 ICD therapies, 57 self-terminating VT, 20 sustained VT) and 148 minor (NSVT) events. A significant increase in the frequency of events was observed in the afternoon versus in the nights and mornings (p = 0.016). The lowest number of events was registered in the summer, with a peak in the winter (p &lt; 0.001). Results were also confirmed when excluding NSVT. Arrhythmic events in ARVC follow a seasonal variation and a circadian rhythm. They are more prevalent in the late afternoon, the most active period of the day, and in the winter, supporting the role of physical activity and inflammation as triggers of events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1675823348000},"page":"2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Circadian and Seasonal Pattern of Arrhythmic Events in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9693-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Castelletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Orini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annina S.","family":"Vischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Outpatient Department, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15001 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier D.","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"The Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Pantazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London SW3 6NP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq025","article-title":"Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\/dysplasia: Proposed Modification of the Task Force Criteria","volume":"31","author":"Marcus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. 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