{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:47:58Z","timestamp":1787496478027,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Theresa and Eugene Lang Research Center at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Queens"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frontline clinicians responding to the COVID-19 pandemic are at increased risk of burnout, but less is known about the trajectory of clinician burnout as caseloads increase and decrease. Personal and professional resources, including self-efficacy and hospital support, can attenuate the risk of burnout. Yet, empirical data documenting how burnout and resources changed as the pandemic waxed and waned are limited. This intensive longitudinal prospective study employed ecological momentary assessment methods to examine trajectories of burnout and resources over the pandemic\u2019s first year in a New York City hospital. A 10-item survey was emailed every 5 days to frontline clinicians (physicians, nurses, and physician assistants). The primary outcome was a single-item validated measure of burnout; predictors included daily hospital COVID-19-related caseloads and personal and professional resources. Clinicians (n = 398) completed the initial survey and an average of 12 surveys over the year. Initially, 45.3% of staff reported burnout; over the year, 58.7% reported burnout. Following the initial COVID peak, caseloads declined, and burnout levels declined. During the second wave of COVID, as caseloads increased and remained elevated and personal and professional resource levels decreased, burnout increased. This novel application of intensive longitudinal assessment enabled ongoing surveillance of burnout and permitted us to evaluate how fluctuations in caseload intensity and personal and professional resources related to burnout over time. The surveillance data support the need for intensified resource allocation during prolonged pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1675823348000},"page":"2930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Intensive Longitudinal Assessment Approach to Surveilling Trajectories of Burnout over the First Year of the COVID Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia X.","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Crupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varuna","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY 11355, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison A.","family":"Norful","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, St. John\u2019s University, New York, NY 11439, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Rhiannon","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, St. John\u2019s University, New York, NY 11439, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia E.","family":"Mikrut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, St. John\u2019s University, New York, NY 11439, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7110-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Brondolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, St. John\u2019s University, New York, NY 11439, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.001","article-title":"Primary drivers and psychological manifestations of stress in frontline healthcare workforce during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Norful","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen. 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