{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:22:47Z","timestamp":1775244167560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPERJ\/E-26\/110.079\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Post-menopausal women have impaired cardiorespiratory responses to exercise compared to young women. Exercise training may counterbalance impairments, but the time-dependent effects of exercise training remain unclear. The current study aims to investigate the effects of rowing training on maximal aerobic capacity and time-course cardiorespiratory adaptations in older women. Methods: Female participants (n = 23) were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EXP; n = 23; 66 \u00b1 5 years old) enrolled in rowing exercise training and control group (CON; n = 10; 64 \u00b1 4 years old). The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET) was performed in a cycle ergometer pre- and post-interventions. Oxygen uptake (VO2), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and HR were recorded during CET and analyzed at the peak of the exercise. HR was monitored during exercise recovery, and the index of HRR was calculated by \u0394HRR (HRpeak\u2014HR one-minute recovery). Every two weeks, Rowing Stepwise Exercise (RSE) in a rowing machine was performed to track specific adaptations to the exercise modality. HR was continuously recorded during RSE and corrected for the average power of each step (HR\/watts). The rowing training protocol consisted of three weekly sessions of 30 min at an intensity corresponding to 60\u201380% of peak HR for ten weeks. Results: Rowing exercise training increased VO2, SV, and CO at the peak of the CET, and \u0394HRR. Increased workload (W) and reduced HR response to a greater achieved workload (HR\/W) during RSE were observed after six weeks of training. Conclusions: Rowing exercise training is a feasible method to improve cardiorespiratory performance, vagal reactivation and heart rate adjustments to exercise in older women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1676257677000},"page":"3238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Time Course of Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Rowing Indoor Training in Post-Menopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Renata Cardoso","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Dias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana Farinazzo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo da Silva","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janiero 24033-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janiero 24210-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00029.2016","article-title":"Physical activity, aging, and physiological function","volume":"32","author":"Harridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2003.10.002","article-title":"Selective reductions of cardiac autonomic responses to light bicycle exercise with aging in healthy humans","volume":"110","author":"Lucini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Auton. 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