{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:45:41Z","timestamp":1767116741447,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"INAIL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 04\/2018 SLeeP@SA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 04\/2018 SLeeP@SA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome","award":["ID 04\/2018 SLeeP@SA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 04\/2018 SLeeP@SA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a relevant public health problem; dentists can play an important role in screening patients with sleep disorders by using validated tools and referring patients to a specialist, thereby promoting an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the study is to identify if the OSAS severity, measured by the apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI), and some anthropometric measurements are associated with the Friedman Tongue Position (FTP) within a population with dysmetabolic comorbidities. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing information about clinical data including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and FTP was administered. The AHI value was measured by means of an unattended home polysomnography device. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov (both nonparametric) and independence tests were performed to probe the possible relationships. The significance was set at p \u2264 0.05. Results: A total of 357 subjects were analyzed. The association between the FTP and AHI was not statistically significant. On the contrary, the AHI showed a positive correlation with BMI and neck circumference. A statistically significant association between the number of subjects with a larger neck and an increasing FTP class was found. BMI, neck, hip and waist circumference was associated with the FTP scale. Conclusions: although the FTP was not directly associated with OSAS severity, there was also evidence that an FTP increase is associated with an increase in the considered anthropometric parameters, and FTP can be a clinical tool used in the assessment of risk for OSAS risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1676257677000},"page":"3255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Friedman Tongue Position and the Anthropometric Parameters in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Altieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Guaragna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pirro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Marasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Cotticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Di Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Di Paolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Brunori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Ierardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8596-2097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Piperno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3052-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Magliulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organs, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organs, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giannicola","family":"Iannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Organs, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Palange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Pietrafesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Polimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yoursleep (Homepage on the Internet) (2013, January 11). 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