{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:26:16Z","timestamp":1792686376917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D is an essential component in calcium metabolism. Seasonality, advanced age, sex, dark skin pigmentation, and limited exposure to sunlight were reported as causes of vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to determine whether children with lower levels of vitamin D suffer more fractures than those with sufficient levels. Materials and Methods: Our institution underwent a prospective case\u2013control randomized cross-sectional single-blinded study that included 688 children. They were split into two groups: the study group and the control group. The study group received supplements of vitamin D and calcium for 6 months. Another reference cohort was observed, which comprised 889 patients in the pediatric ward for different respiratory or gastroenterological conditions without a history of fractures. This group was used for age\u2013sex matching tests. Results: Logistic regression showed that with every one unit increase of vitamin D level, the chance of having a middle third fracture in both bones of the forearm decreased by 7% (OR 1.07); distal third fracture incidence decreased by 1.03 times; middle third radius fracture incidence decreased by 1.03 times; distal third radius fracture incidence decreased by 1.06 times. The risk of having a distal third both-bone forearm fracture increased by 1.06 times with every year of age. Comparing the healing process, we noticed an improvement in bony callus formation for patients in the study group. Conclusions: Dosing the serum level of 25-OH-vitamin D should be taken into consideration for pediatric low-energy trauma fractures. Supplementing with vitamin D and calcium throughout childhood can be a solution for healthy bones. Our preliminary results show that the normal level of vitamin D in children should start at 40 ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T02:16:01Z","timestamp":1676340961000},"page":"3300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Vitamin D\u2014A Risk Factor for Bone Fractures in Children: A Population-Based Prospective Case\u2013Control Randomized Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Herdea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"11th Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Eroii Sanitari nr. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics Department, \u201cGrigore Alexandrescu\u201d Children\u2019s Emergency Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics Department, \u201cGrigore Alexandrescu\u201d Children\u2019s Emergency Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai-Codrut","family":"Dragomirescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics Department, \u201cGrigore Alexandrescu\u201d Children\u2019s Emergency Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1018-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Ulici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11th Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Eroii Sanitari nr. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics Department, \u201cGrigore Alexandrescu\u201d Children\u2019s Emergency Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90640-5","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption","volume":"67","author":"Norman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of Vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. 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