{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T09:01:25Z","timestamp":1788685285515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a case of a 31-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at the age of 6. Diabetes is complicated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. He has been admitted to the diabetes ward due to inadequate diabetes control. Gastroscopy and abdominal CT were performed, and gastroparesis was confirmed as an explanation for postprandial hypoglycemia. During hospitalization, the patient reported sudden pain localized on the lateral, distal part of his right thigh. The pain occurred at rest and was aggravated by movement. Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication of long-lasting, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It usually occurs spontaneously, without any previous infection or trauma, and is often misdiagnosed clinically as an abscess, neoplasm, or myositis. DMI patients suffer from pain and swelling of the affected muscles. Radiological examinations, including MRI, CT, and USG, are most important for the diagnosis, assessing the extent of involvement and differentiating DMI from other conditions. However, sometimes a biopsy and histopathological examination are necessary. The optimal treatment has still not been determined. There is also a potential risk of DMI recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T02:31:23Z","timestamp":1676428283000},"page":"3390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diabetic Muscle Infarction\u2014A Rare Diabetic Complication: Literature Review and Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maciej","family":"Rabczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Fenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Ku\u017anik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Lubieniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ha\u0142o\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01338714","article-title":"Tumoriform focal muscular degeneration in two diabetic patients","volume":"1","author":"Angervall","year":"1965","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.7.667","article-title":"Infarction of thigh muscle in the diabetic patient","volume":"23","author":"Banker","year":"1973","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.4.310","article-title":"An unexpected cause of muscle pain in diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Silberstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000082","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2015-000082","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Horton","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050048","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction: Radiologic evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Chason","year":"1996","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v7.i2.58","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction in end-stage renal disease: A scoping review on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Tuck","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. 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Transplant."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.03.021","article-title":"Diabetic Muscle Infarction with High Fever","volume":"133","author":"Kaneko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/4\/3390\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:36:02Z","timestamp":1760121362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/4\/3390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20043390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20043390","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]}}}