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increased the occurrence of AF wildfires. Recent studies emphasize soil organic matter (SOM) molecular composition as a principal driver of post-fire forest regrowth and restoration of AF anti-wildfire ambience. Nevertheless, SOM chemical shifts caused by AF fires and post-fire vegetation are rarely investigated at a molecular level. We employed pyrolysis\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry to reveal molecular changes in SOM (0\u201310, 40\u201350 cm depth) of a slash-burn-and-20-month-regrowth AF (BAF) and a 23-year Brachiaria pasture post-AF fire (BRA) site compared to native AF (NAF). In BAF (0\u201310 cm), increased abundance of unspecific aromatic compounds (UACs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lipids (Lip) coupled with a depletion of polysaccharides (Pol) revealed strong lingering effects of fire on SOM. This occurs despite fresh litter deposition on soil, suggesting SOM minimal recovery and toxicity to microorganisms. Accumulation of recalcitrant compounds and slow decomposition of fresh forest material may explain the higher carbon content in BAF (0\u20135 cm). In BRA, SOM was dominated by Brachiaria contributions. At 40\u201350 cm, alkyl and hydroaromatic compounds accumulated in BRA, whereas UACs accumulated in BAF. UACs and PAH compounds were abundant in NAF, possibly air-transported from BAF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1676520112000},"page":"3485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Soil Organic Matter Molecular Composition Shifts Driven by Forest Regrowth or Pasture after Slash-and-Burn of Amazon Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio dos Anjos","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bio- and Geosciences\u2014Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Stra\u00dfe, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicasio T.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Morillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development-MED, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Ap 94, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Knicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-7967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falberni","family":"de Souza Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Acre, Rodovia BR-364, Km 14, Rio Branco 69900-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro N.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Morillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas F\u00edsicos, Qu\u00edmicos y Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Andrade","family":"de Carvalho J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Energia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 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Bento Gon\u00e7alves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2020.151609","article-title":"Amazon wildfires: Scenes from a foreseeable disaster","volume":"268","author":"Brando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Flora"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006195810077","article-title":"Pasture or permanent crops after slash-and-burn cultivation? Land-use choice in three Amazon colonies","volume":"42","author":"Fujisaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Agrofor. 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