{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:53:45Z","timestamp":1760147625891,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatic diseases lead to postural problems, which increase the risk of falls and lead to greater disability. The aim of the present work is to evaluate posture disorders in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as to evaluate the influence of other factors. A total of 71 subjects were enrolled in this study. Joint position sense (JPS) and the functional assessment of proprioception on a balance platform for both lower limbs were examined. The Average Trace Error (ATE), test time (t), and Average Platform Force Variation (AFV) were calculated. Additionally, an equilibrium test was carried out in the one-legged standing position (Single Leg Stance\u2014SLS). The results were compared in several ways and revealed the following: (1) A JPS of 10\u00b0 plantar flexion in RA obtained significantly worse results when repeating the movement than OA; the ATEs were significantly lower in RA; and RA needed more support during SLS assessment. (2) RA patients with higher DAS28 had statistically significantly higher values in JPS, with 5\u00b0 plantar flexion and 10\u00b0 dorsal flexion, SLS assessment, and stabilometric rates. A statistically significant correlation between DAS28 and RA was found in a JPS of 10\u00b0 plantar flexion. The VAS ruler demonstrated a significant moderate correlation with t. (3) Patients who experienced at least one fall demonstrated higher JPS and t. Our study shows that proprioception is the most influenced by the nature of the disease and the level of disease activity. We can see that the stability and balance functions are also greatly influenced by the patient\u2019s falling experience and the level of pain. These findings may be useful in designing an optimal proprioception-enhancing movement training plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1676863746000},"page":"3698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What Influences Proprioceptive Impairments in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases? Analysis of Different Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Konarzewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AXIS, Fabryczna 4\/1d, 15-483 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Konarzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AXIS, Fabryczna 4\/1d, 15-483 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kuryliszyn-Moskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 7A Str., 15-096 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Terlikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 7A Str., 15-096 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8607-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Pauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-352 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Daunoraviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytin\u0117s g. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Pauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw Medical University, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dakowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 7A Str., 15-096 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2313-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Wojciuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 7A Str., 15-096 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Dzi\u0119cio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Str., 15-230 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Dziecio\u0142-Anikiej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 7A Str., 15-096 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_150","article-title":"Estimation of Posturographic Trajectory Using K-Nearest Neighbors Classifier in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis","volume":"1070","author":"Czerwosz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. 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