{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:38:52Z","timestamp":1780529932971,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Foundation General Project","award":["18BZZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18BZZ062"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Foundation General Project","award":["SK2021A0424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK2021A0424"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Foundation General Project","award":["AHSkZ2018D15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHSkZ2018D15"]}]},{"name":"National Social Science Foundation General Project","award":["2022AH051292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH051292"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Humanities and Social Science Key Projects","award":["18BZZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18BZZ062"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Humanities and Social Science Key Projects","award":["SK2021A0424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK2021A0424"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Humanities and Social Science Key Projects","award":["AHSkZ2018D15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHSkZ2018D15"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Humanities and Social Science Key Projects","award":["2022AH051292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH051292"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Anhui Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning","award":["18BZZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18BZZ062"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Anhui Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning","award":["SK2021A0424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK2021A0424"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Anhui Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning","award":["AHSkZ2018D15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHSkZ2018D15"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Anhui Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning","award":["2022AH051292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH051292"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Research Program \u201cThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Low Carbon Innovation Performance\u201d","award":["18BZZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18BZZ062"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Research Program \u201cThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Low Carbon Innovation Performance\u201d","award":["SK2021A0424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK2021A0424"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Research Program \u201cThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Low Carbon Innovation Performance\u201d","award":["AHSkZ2018D15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHSkZ2018D15"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Research Program \u201cThe Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Low Carbon Innovation Performance\u201d","award":["2022AH051292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH051292"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green economic development is a new growth point for China\u2019s economy. The reduction in environmental pollution and the practice of social responsibility are strongly advocated by society. ESG (environment, society, governance) is a new concept considering how companies achieve sustainable development. Do auditors pay attention to corporate ESG when making opinion decisions? This paper examines how ESG performance affects audit opinion decisions. The results show the following: (1) The better the ESG performance is, the lower the probability of a modified audit opinion on the part of the auditor will be. (2) Consideration of the auditor experience indicates that auditors who lack experience rely more heavily on information about a corporate ESG performance to make their opinion decisions. (3) The mechanism test demonstrated that a sound ESG performance improves the quality of its financial reporting, which, in turn, reduces the probability of the auditor issuing a modified audit opinion. These conclusions remain robust after considering a number of tests, such as changing variable measures and endogeneity issues. This research expands the study of the economic consequences of ESG from an audit perspective, providing new evidence regarding the importance that corporate management places on ESG performance and how market intermediaries use ESG information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1677036737000},"page":"3878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["How Does a Company\u2019s ESG Performance Affect the Issuance of an Audit Opinion? The Moderating Role of Auditor Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China"},{"name":"Graduate School of Business, SEGI University, Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiayun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Accounting, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-3265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China"},{"name":"School of Accounting, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jacf.12169","article-title":"ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities","volume":"28","author":"Kotsantonis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Corp Financ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1785","article-title":"Environmental, Social and Governance Reporting in China","volume":"23","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"15","article-title":"ESG Responsibility Performance of Listed Companies and Institutional Investors\u2019 Shareholding Preference","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.14453\/aabfj.v16i1.4","article-title":"Does Accounting-based Financial Performance Value Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Disclosures? A detailed note on a corporate sustainability perspective","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Australas. Account. Bus. Financ. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.2132","article-title":"Banks and environmental, social and governance drivers: Follow the market or the authorities?","volume":"28","author":"Mario","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corp. Soc.-Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1057\/s41283-021-00075-6","article-title":"Alpha enhancement in global equity markets with ESG overlay on factor-based investment strategies","volume":"23","author":"Mohanty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2850","article-title":"Environmental, social and governance disclosure and default risk","volume":"30","author":"Muhammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1108\/JRF-03-2021-0045","article-title":"ESG and corporate credit spreads","volume":"23","author":"Barth","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Risk Financ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/09638180.2019.1597746","article-title":"When Auditors Say \u2018No,\u2019 Does the Market Listen?","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Account Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Olivier, J.G.J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., and Peters, J.A.H.W. (2012). Trends in Global CO2 Emissions: 2012 Report: Trends in Global CO2 Emissions, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. 2012 Report."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"498","article-title":"The financial and market consequences of environmental, social and governance ratings: The implications of recent political volatility in Egypt: The implications of recent political volatility in Egypt","volume":"10","author":"Aboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-019-04177-w","article-title":"Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Scores and Financial Performance of Multilatinas: Moderating Effects of Geographic International Diversification and Financial Slack","volume":"168","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2047","article-title":"Environmental, social and governance transparency and firm value","volume":"27","author":"Ellen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2657","article-title":"Financial materiality in the informativeness of sustainability reporting","volume":"30","author":"Schiehll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3905\/jpm.2021.1.281","article-title":"The Unreasonable Attractiveness of More ESG Data","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Portf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1108\/MEQ-03-2017-0033","article-title":"The impacts of environmental, social, and governance factors on firm performance: Panel study of Malaysian companies","volume":"29","author":"Atan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Manag. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3905\/jfi.2021.1.112","article-title":"Does ESG Matter for Sovereign Debt Investing?","volume":"31","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fixed Income"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.2175","article-title":"The level of sustainability and mutual fund performance in Europe: An empirical analysis using ESG ratings","volume":"28","author":"Abate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corp. Soc.-Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41283-021-00077-4","article-title":"Is the ESG portfolio less turbulent than a market benchmark portfolio?","volume":"24","author":"Ouchen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccpubpol.2019.106713","article-title":"Does the severity of a client\u2019s negative environmental, social and governance reputation affect audit effort and audit quality?","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Account. Public Policy"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"41","article-title":"Does ESG Rating of Listed Firms Affect Audit Fees?","volume":"221","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Audit. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2308\/TAR-2019-0506","article-title":"Why is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of The Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings","volume":"97","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3905\/jwm.2021.1.130","article-title":"Sustainable Investing: The Black Box of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Ratings","volume":"24","author":"Abhayawansa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Wealth Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2937","article-title":"Corporate ESG reporting quantity, quality and performance: Where to now for environmental policy and practice?","volume":"31","author":"Arvidsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2308\/aud.2009.28.1.153","article-title":"Going-Concern Audit Opinions and the Provision of Nonaudit Services: Implications for Auditor Independence of Bankrupt Firms","volume":"28","author":"Callaghan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auditing"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2308\/aud.2008.27.2.31","article-title":"Auditor Independence and Auditor-Provided Tax Service: Evidence from Going-Concern Audit Opinions Prior to Bankruptcy Filings","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auditing"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccpubpol.2021.106825","article-title":"An examination of the influence of mutual CFO\/audit firm tenure on audit quality","volume":"40","author":"Payne","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Account. Public Policy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/jbfa.12257","article-title":"Effect of international working experience of individual auditors on audit quality: Evidence from China","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bus. Finan. Account."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"154","article-title":"Audit partner tenure and audit quality: An empirical analysis","volume":"4","author":"Mgbame","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-51696","article-title":"Do social ties between external auditors and audit committee members affect audit quality?","volume":"92","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"440","article-title":"Do social ties between individual auditors and client CEOs\/CFOs matter to audit quality?","volume":"24","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Account. E"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2020.3891","article-title":"Third-Party Consequences of Changes in Managerial Fiduciary Duties: The Case of Auditors\u2019 Going Concern Opinions","volume":"68","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2015.22","article-title":"Monitor objectivity with important clients: Evidence from auditor opinions around the world","volume":"47","author":"Fung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1108\/MAJ-10-2018-2030","article-title":"Does environmental disclosure have an auditing effect?","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag. Audit. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.6018\/rcsar.369111","article-title":"Product-market competition, internal control quality and audit opinions. Evidence from Chinese listed firms","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Contab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accfor.2013.09.002","article-title":"Audit opinion and earnings management: Evidence from Greece","volume":"38","author":"Tsipouridou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Account. Forum"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2308\/AJPT-2020-054","article-title":"Management\u2019s Undue Influence over Audit Committee Members: Evidence from Auditor Reporting and Opinion Shopping","volume":"41","author":"Berglund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Auditing"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-679X.00098","article-title":"Why press coverage of a client influences the audit opinion","volume":"41","author":"Joe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acc. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/jifm.12057","article-title":"Secrecy Culture and Audit Opinion: Some International Evidence","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Fin. Manag. Acc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2308\/AJPT-2019-523","article-title":"Investor Sentiment and Audit Opinion Shopping","volume":"40","author":"Amin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auditing"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/jbfa.12562","article-title":"Do companies try to conceal financial misstatements through auditor shopping?","volume":"49","author":"Singer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bus. Finan. Account."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-10209","article-title":"Is earnings quality associated with corporate social responsibility?","volume":"87","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22845-9","article-title":"Regulation intensity, environmental disclosure, and cost of capital: Evidence from listed firms in China","volume":"30","author":"Sen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2004.09.008","article-title":"Portfolio preferences of foreign institutional investors","volume":"29","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bank. Financ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6622.2011.00357.x","article-title":"Market Interest in Nonfinancial Information","volume":"23","author":"Eccles","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Corp. Financ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-10218","article-title":"Nonfinancial Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy: International Evidence on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure","volume":"87","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Auditor tenure and auditor industry specialization as a signal to detect fraudulent financial reporting","volume":"22","author":"Mukhlasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad. Account. Financ. Stud. J."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Influence of Corporate Governance, Factors Of Auditors, And Gender Diversification on Integrity of Financial Statements","volume":"22","author":"Suhendra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Akunt. Manaj. Dan Ekon."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Multi-criteria statistical-based analysis on the effect of accounting information quality on efficiency of investment by emphasizing upon auditor specialty in industry in accepted corporations in Tehran stock exchange","volume":"10","author":"Moradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Trans. J. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4513","DOI":"10.1111\/acfi.12739","article-title":"Effectiveness, efficiency, and fee premiums in audits led by industry specialist partners","volume":"61","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Account. Financ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-51925","article-title":"Auditor multinational expertise and audit quality","volume":"93","author":"Gunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"24","article-title":"The effect of independence, professional ethics & auditor experience on audit quality","volume":"8","author":"Haeridistia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.18488\/journal.1.2019.95.335.341","article-title":"Auditors Tenure and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from a Developing Country","volume":"9","author":"Kalabeke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Asian Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2308\/accr-52370","article-title":"The effects of auditor tenure on fraud and its detection","volume":"94","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1108\/MAJ-12-2020-2957","article-title":"Auditor tenure and audit quality: An investigation of moderating factors prior to the commencement of mandatory rotations in India","volume":"36","author":"Jadiyappa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Audit. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacceco.2019.101260","article-title":"Seeing is believing? Executives\u2019 facial trustworthiness, auditor tenure, and audit fees","volume":"69","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Account. Econ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5430\/ijfr.v12n2p93","article-title":"Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Disclosure and Financial Reporting Quality Among Listed Firms in Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Amenaghawon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Financ. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intaccaudtax.2014.12.002","article-title":"Corporate governance and financial reporting quality in China: A survey of recent evidence","volume":"24","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Account. Audit. Tax."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"33","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Korean retail industry","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Health Pollut."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abed, I.A., Nazimah, H., Hossam, H., Al-Ramahi, N.M., and Ali, M.A. (2022). The Moderating Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Relationship between Creative Accounting Determinants and Financial Reporting Quality. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031195"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bir.2021.01.006","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council countries","volume":"21","author":"Mawih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Borsa Istanb. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccpubpol.2020.106764","article-title":"Abnormal disclosure tone and going concern modified audit reports","volume":"39","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Account Public Pol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2475","article-title":"The effect of mergers and acquisitions on environmental, social and governance performance and market value: Evidence from EU acquirers","volume":"29","author":"Tampakoudis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-016-3020-2","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and investment efficiency","volume":"148","author":"Benlemlih","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2014.00731","article-title":"Analyses of Mediating Effects: The Development of Methods and Models","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Psychol. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/5\/3878\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:38:59Z","timestamp":1760121539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/5\/3878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20053878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20053878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]}}}