{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:52:32Z","timestamp":1789156352626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior, Brasil","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}]},{"name":"Decanato de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}]},{"name":"Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["404746\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404746\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["312136\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312136\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["309435\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309435\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["310269\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310269\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193.0000168\/2019-87"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001219\/2022-93"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["23106.104941\/2021-71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23106.104941\/2021-71"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["2020Y-22065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Y-22065"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["2022Y-13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y-13186"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development \u2013 CNPq","award":["200391\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200391\/2022-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Determining how the quadriceps femoris musculotendinous unit functions, according to hip and knee joint angles, may help with clinical decisions when prescribing knee extension exercises. We aimed to determine the effect of hip and knee joint angles on structure and neuromuscular functioning of all constituents of the quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon properties. Twenty young males were evaluated in four positions: seated and supine in both 20\u00b0 and 60\u00b0 of knee flexion (SIT20, SIT60, SUP20, and SUP60). Peak knee extension torque was determined during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Ultrasound imaging was used at rest and during MVIC to characterize quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness. We found that peak torque and neuromuscular efficiency were higher for SUP60 and SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20 position. We found higher fascicle length and lower pennation angle in positions with the knee flexed at 60\u00b0. The tendon aponeurosis complex stiffness, tendon force, stiffness, stress, and Young\u2019s modulus seemed greater in more elongated positions (60\u00b0) than in shortened positions (20\u00b0). In conclusion, clinicians should consider positioning at 60\u00b0 of knee flexion rather than 20\u00b0, regardless if seated or supine, during rehabilitation to load the musculotendinous unit enough to stimulate a cellular response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T02:28:57Z","timestamp":1677119337000},"page":"3947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Influence of Hip and Knee Joint Angles on Quadriceps Muscle-Tendon Unit Properties during Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Martins Melo","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 72220275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan Galv\u00e3o Ten\u00f3rio","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, College of Physical Education, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martim","family":"Bottaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0761-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis C\u00e9sar Leite","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910900, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Expertise de la Performance, INSERM U1093 CAPS, Sports Science Faculty, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6563-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Babault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Expertise de la Performance, INSERM U1093 CAPS, Sports Science Faculty, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8918-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeam Marcel","family":"Geremia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy, and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin Gr\u00e4vare","family":"Silbernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Quaglioti","family":"Durigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 72220275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia","family":"Marqueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 72220275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.01.019","article-title":"Resistance exercise for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Vincent","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.11.829","article-title":"Current issues in arthrogenous inhibition","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.10.001","article-title":"Quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition: Neural mechanisms and treatment perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Rice","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.9.492","article-title":"A modified neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocol for quadriceps strength training following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"33","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22981","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the tensor vastus intermedius: A topographic study based on anatomical dissections","volume":"30","author":"Grob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370231","article-title":"Theoretical determination of force-length relations of intact human skeletal muscles using the cross-bridge model","volume":"416","author":"Herzog","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.005","article-title":"Angle- and gender-specific quadriceps femoris muscle recruitment and knee extensor torque","volume":"37","author":"Pincivero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086343","article-title":"Do changes in neuromuscular activation contribute to the knee extensor angle-torque relationship?","volume":"102","author":"Lanza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633589","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.633589","article-title":"The Effect of Quadriceps Muscle Length on Maximum Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Evoked Contraction, Muscle Architecture, and Tendon-Aponeurosis Stiffness","volume":"12","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789867","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.789867","article-title":"Effect of the Knee and Hip Angles on Knee Extensor Torque: Neural, Architectural, and Mechanical Considerations","volume":"12","author":"Garnier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000084426.03247.93","article-title":"Quadriceps femoris torque and EMG activity in seated versus supine position","volume":"35","author":"Maffiuletti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2017.10.012","article-title":"Effect of hip joint angle on concentric knee extension torque","volume":"37","author":"Ema","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200101000-00020","article-title":"Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise","volume":"33","author":"Escamilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Gupton, M., Imonugo, O., and Terreberry, R.R. (2022). StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737020-00004","article-title":"The adaptations to strength training: Morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength","volume":"37","author":"Folland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00717.2002","article-title":"Effect of quadriceps femoris muscle length on neural activation during isometric and concentric contractions","volume":"94","author":"Babault","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00171-6","article-title":"Muscle architecture and function in humans","volume":"30","author":"Fukunaga","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00704","article-title":"Mechanical and Material Tendon Properties in Patients With Proximal Patellar Tendinopathy","volume":"11","author":"Wiesinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2512-1","article-title":"Compensatory muscle activation caused by tendon lengthening post-Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"23","author":"Suydam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2248-x","article-title":"Time course of changes in the human Achilles tendon properties and metabolism during training and detraining in vivo","volume":"112","author":"Kubo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00374","article-title":"Effect of Resistance Training on Extracellular Matrix Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle of Older Rats","volume":"9","author":"Guzzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00450.x","article-title":"Effects of isometric training at different knee angles on the muscle-tendon complex in vivo","volume":"16","author":"Kubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20768","article-title":"Effect of acute tensile loading on gender-specific tendon structural and mechanical properties","volume":"27","author":"Burgess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00234","article-title":"Influence of Joint Angle on Residual Force Enhancement in Human Plantar Flexors","volume":"8","author":"Fukutani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01170","article-title":"Tendinous Tissue Adaptation to Explosive- vs. Sustained-Contraction Strength Training","volume":"9","author":"Massey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90577.2008","article-title":"The relative lengthening of the myotendinous structures in the medial gastrocnemius during passive stretching differs among individuals","volume":"106","author":"Abellaneda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1472299","article-title":"Aponeurosis behaviour during muscular contraction: A narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Raiteri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.72352","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.2.135","article-title":"The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics","volume":"13","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech. J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00737.2005","article-title":"Neuromuscular fatigue development during maximal concentric and isometric knee extensions","volume":"100","author":"Babault","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"281","article-title":"A Methodologic Approach for the Comparison Between Dynamic Contractions: Influences on the Neuromuscular System","volume":"40","author":"Remaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-020-00432-y","article-title":"Mohajeri-Tehrani, M.R.; Effect of a 6-week strength-training program on neuromuscular efficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"11","author":"Shahrjerdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085360","article-title":"Influence of contractile force on the architecture and morphology of the quadriceps femoris","volume":"100","author":"Massey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23785","article-title":"Muscle architecture adaptations to knee extensor eccentric training: Rectus femoris vs. vastus lateralis","volume":"48","author":"Baroni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01456","article-title":"Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture Adaptations to Eccentric Training","volume":"10","author":"Geremia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.18.2.180","article-title":"Two methods for estimating tendinous tissue elongation during human movement","volume":"18","author":"Finni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2003.00301.x","article-title":"Measuring mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis tendon-aponeurosis complex in vivo by ultrasound imaging","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sport."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.09.010","article-title":"Moment arm of the patellar tendon in the human knee","volume":"37","author":"Krevolin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00849.2014","article-title":"Ultrasound-based testing of tendon mechanical properties: A critical evaluation","volume":"118","author":"Seynnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.11.028","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in adults and children","volume":"43","author":"Reeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31805371d1","article-title":"Achilles tendon adaptation during strength training in young adults","volume":"39","author":"Urlando","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.260","article-title":"The effects of knee and hip joint angles on patellar tendon loading during quadriceps neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01714.x","article-title":"Region specific patellar tendon hypertrophy in humans following resistance training","volume":"191","author":"Kongsgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3904-1","article-title":"Effects of high loading by eccentric triceps surae training on Achilles tendon properties in humans","volume":"118","author":"Geremia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erbaum Associates. [2nd]."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3693-y","article-title":"The role of agonist and antagonist muscles in explaining isometric knee extension torque variation with hip joint angle","volume":"117","author":"Bampouras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0836-0","article-title":"Quadriceps voluntary activation at different joint angles measured by two stimulation techniques","volume":"89","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0425-8","article-title":"Conventionally assessed voluntary activation does not represent relative voluntary torque production","volume":"100","author":"Kooistra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seiberl, W., Hahn, D., and Paternoster, F.K. (2016). Reduced Activation in Isometric Muscle Action after Lengthening Contractions Is Not Accompanied by Reduced Performance Fatigability. Sci Rep, 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39052"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"180","article-title":"Neuromuscular Efficiency of the Vastus Lateralis and Biceps Femoris Muscles in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","volume":"50","author":"Vituri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ortop. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00613.x","article-title":"A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: Changes in muscle architecture","volume":"534","author":"Aagaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.x","article-title":"Intra- and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo","volume":"209","author":"Blazevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0601-6742","article-title":"Training Effects of Alternated and Pulsed Currents on the Quadriceps Muscles of Athletes","volume":"39","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12233","article-title":"In vivo measurement of fascicle length and pennation of the human anconeus muscle at several elbow joint angles","volume":"225","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007909","article-title":"The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres","volume":"184","author":"Gordon","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01695-y","article-title":"Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Lazarczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.08.009","article-title":"The biomechanical function of the patellar tendon during in-vivo weight-bearing flexion","volume":"40","author":"DeFrate","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46973-4","article-title":"Morphological features of the inferior fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament","volume":"9","author":"Edama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2014.07.008","article-title":"Influence of cross-link structure, density and mechanical properties in the mesoscale deformation mechanisms of collagen fibrils","volume":"52","author":"Depalle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24407","article-title":"Tendon biomechanics and crimp properties following fatigue loading are influenced by tendon type and age in mice","volume":"38","author":"Zuskov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0009-9","article-title":"Human tendon adaptation in response to mechanical loading: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise intervention studies on healthy adults","volume":"1","author":"Bohm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sport. Med.\u2014Open"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/5\/3947\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:39:58Z","timestamp":1760121598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/5\/3947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20053947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20053947","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}}}