{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:25:41Z","timestamp":1772252741468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 disease has infected many countries, causing generalized impacts on different income categories. We carried out a survey among households (n = 412) representing different income groups in Nigeria. We used validated food insecurity experience and socio-psychologic tools. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The earning capacities of the respondents ranged from 145 USD\/month for low-income earners to 1945 USD\/month for high-income earners. A total of 173 households (42%) ran out of food during the COVID-19 pandemic. All categories of households experienced increasing dependency on the general public and a perception of increasing insecurity, with the high-income earners experiencing the greatest shift. In addition, increasing levels of anger and irritation were experienced among all categories. Of the socio-demographic variables, only gender, educational level of the household head, work hours per day, and family income based on society class were associated (p &lt; 0.05) with food security and hunger due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although psychological stress was observed to be greater in the low-income earning group, household heads with medium and high family income were more likely to have satisfactory experiences regarding food security and hunger. It is recommended that socio-economic groups should be mapped and support systems should target each group to provide the needed support in terms of health, social, economic, and mental wellness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T02:03:26Z","timestamp":1677204206000},"page":"4016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Food Security and Caused Psychosocial Stress in Selected States of Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dauda G.","family":"Bwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olutosin A.","family":"Otekunrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 110124, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4207-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwawemimo O.","family":"Adebowale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 110124, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Modupe M.","family":"Fasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5171-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail A.","family":"Odetokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240272, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3088-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Folorunso O.","family":"Fasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi 00601, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2000929","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China\u2014Key Questions for Impact Assessment","volume":"382","author":"Munster","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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