{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T11:01:22Z","timestamp":1782126082538,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000824","name":"Home Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["780-TETRA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["780-TETRA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence suggest that promoting a combination of healthy lifestyle behaviors instead of exclusively focusing on a single behavior may have a greater impact on blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate lifestyle factors and their impact on the risk of hypertension and BP. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional health-screening data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study of 40,462 British police force staff. A basic lifestyle-score including waist-circumference, smoking and serum total cholesterol was calculated, with a greater value indicating a better lifestyle. Individual\/combined scores of other lifestyle factors (sleep duration, physical activity, alcohol intake, and diet quality) were also developed. Results: A 1-point higher basic lifestyle-score was associated with a lower systolic BP (SBP; \u22122.05 mmHg, 95%CI: \u22122.15, \u22121.95); diastolic BP (DBP; \u22121.98 mmHg, 95%CI: \u22122.05, \u22121.91) and was inversely associated with risk of hypertension. Combined scores of other factors showed attenuated but significant associations with the addition of sleep, physical activity, and diet quality to the basic lifestyle-score; however, alcohol intake did not further attenuate results. Conclusions: Modifiable intermediary factors have a stronger contribution to BP, namely, waist-circumference and cholesterol levels and factors that may directly influence them, such as diet, physical activity and sleep. Observed findings suggest that alcohol is a confounder in the BP\u2013lifestyle score relation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T02:32:12Z","timestamp":1677205932000},"page":"4029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lifestyle Score and Risk of Hypertension in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study of British Police Force Employees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-5461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadeer S.","family":"Aljuraiban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-6468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris S. M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Queenie","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7697-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda M. Oude","family":"Griep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396, 1204\u20131222."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.008","article-title":"Prevention and Control of Hypertension: JACC Health Promotion Series","volume":"72","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. 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