{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:38:16Z","timestamp":1791542296025,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K43TW011957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW011957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43CA260658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43CA260658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW010350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW010543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIE22295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIE22295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ANRS","award":["K43TW011957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW011957"]}]},{"name":"ANRS","award":["D43CA260658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43CA260658"]}]},{"name":"ANRS","award":["D43TW010350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010350"]}]},{"name":"ANRS","award":["D43TW010543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010543"]}]},{"name":"ANRS","award":["MIE22295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIE22295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are endemic in West Africa, the prevalence of HBV\/HIV coinfection and their associated risk factors in children remains unclear. In this review, we sought to assess HBsAg seroprevalence among 0- to 16-year-olds with and without HIV in West African countries and the risk factors associated with HBV infection in this population. Research articles between 2000 and 2021 that reported the prevalence of HBV and associated risk factors in children in West Africa were retrieved from the literature using the Africa Journals Online (AJOL), PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases as search tools. StatsDirect, a statistical software, was used to perform a meta-analysis of the retained studies. HBV prevalence and heterogeneity were then assessed with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger\u2019s test. Twenty-seven articles conducted across seven West African countries were included in this review. HBV prevalence among persons aged 0 to 16 years was 5%, based on the random analysis, given the great heterogeneity of the studies. By country, the highest prevalence was observed in Benin (10%), followed by Nigeria (7%), and Ivory Coast (5%), with Togo (1%) having the lowest. HBV prevalence in an HIV-infected population of children was (9%). Vaccinated children had lower HBV prevalence (2%) than unvaccinated children (6%). HBV prevalence with a defined risk factor such as HIV co-infection, maternal HBsAg positivity, undergoing surgery, scarification, or being unvaccinated ranged from 3\u20139%. The study highlights the need to reinforce vaccination of newborns, screening for HBV, and HBV prophylaxis among pregnant women in Africa, particularly in West Africa, to achieve the WHO goal of HBV elimination, particularly in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:22:16Z","timestamp":1677464536000},"page":"4142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hepatitis B Virus in West African Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of HIV and Other Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3132-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djeneba B.","family":"Fofana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), for Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anou M.","family":"Somboro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"},{"name":"School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7871-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamoudou","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou I.","family":"Kampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital R\u00e9gional de Tombouctou, Timbuktu, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brehima","family":"Diakit\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4819-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yacouba","family":"Cissoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally M.","family":"McFall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almoustapha I.","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Sylla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Gozlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), for Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal H.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Morand-Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (iPLESP), for Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Diakit\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako BP 1805, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health 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