{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:15:31Z","timestamp":1790705731528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Health Insurance","award":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"]}]},{"name":"French Health Insurance","award":["p.nr. 288321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["p.nr. 288321"]}]},{"name":"French General Secretariat for Investment (SGPI) through the National Research Agency (ANR) and the Programme d\u2019investissement pour l\u2019Avenir","award":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"]}]},{"name":"French General Secretariat for Investment (SGPI) through the National Research Agency (ANR) and the Programme d\u2019investissement pour l\u2019Avenir","award":["p.nr. 288321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["p.nr. 288321"]}]},{"name":"CNRS and INSERM, and supported administratively by HESAM Universit\u00e9","award":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"]}]},{"name":"CNRS and INSERM, and supported administratively by HESAM Universit\u00e9","award":["p.nr. 288321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["p.nr. 288321"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["p.nr. 288321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["p.nr. 288321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following the Paris terror attacks in November 2015, a large number of first responders (FR) were mobilized and consequently were at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on the ESPA 13 November survey, the objectives of this study were to 1) describe the prevalence of PTSD and partial PTSD in FR five years after the attacks, 2) describe the changes in PTSD and partial PTSD from one to five years after the attacks, and 3) examine factors associated with PTSD and partial PTSD five years after the attacks. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. PTSD and partial PTSD were measured using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist based on the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Gender, age, responder category, education level, exposure, mental health history, history of traumatic events, training, social support, concern about the COVID-19 epidemic, and somatic problems present after the attacks were all analyzed as potential factors associated with PTSD and partial PTSD using multinomial logistic regression. A total of 428 FR were included 5 years after the attacks, of which 258 had participated also 1 year after the attacks. Five years after the attacks, the prevalence of PTSD and partial PTSD were 8.6% and 22%, respectively. Presence of somatic problems after the attacks were associated with PTSD. Involvement in dangerous crime scenes was associated with a higher risk of partial PTSD. No awareness of psychological risks in the context of professional activity through specific training was associated with partial PTSD, in particular among participants aged 45 years or more. To mitigate PTSD for FR, monitoring mental health symptoms, providing mental health education, and providing treatment may be needed for several years after the attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:22:16Z","timestamp":1677464536000},"page":"4160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["PTSD and Partial PTSD among First Responders One and Five Years after the Paris Terror Attacks in November 2015"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mentine","family":"Prioux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"Marillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9292-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Vuillermoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP), Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Vandentorren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction Scientifique et Internationale, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Rabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction Appui, Traitements et Analyses des Donn\u00e9es, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Petitclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service M\u00e9dical D\u2019urgence\u2014Bureau de Sant\u00e9 et de Pr\u00e9vention, Brigade de Sapeurs-Pompiers de Paris, 1, Place Jules-Renard, F-75017 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire UTRPP, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4112-1592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Baubet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire UTRPP, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France"},{"name":"APHP H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Psychopathology Department for Children, Adolescents, General Psychiatry and Specialized Addiction, F-93009 Bobigny, France"},{"name":"Centre National de Ressources et de R\u00e9silience Lille-Paris (CN2R), F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Eilin","family":"Stene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), NO-0409 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Pirard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"},{"name":"CESP, INSERM, MOODS team, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris\u2013Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2013Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2961-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvon","family":"Motreff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France"},{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP), Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1259-8","article-title":"French Ministry of Health\u2019s Response to Paris Attacks of 13 November 2015","volume":"20","author":"Philippe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. 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