{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T21:41:56Z","timestamp":1774820516709,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American University of Beirut (AUB)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In line with the global trends, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have found their way to the Lebanese market. The present study aims to explore the determinants of e-cigarette and HTP use among young adults in Lebanon. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants aged 18\u201330 residing in Lebanon, who were familiar with e-cigarettes products. Twenty-one consenting participants were interviewed via Zoom and the verbatim transcriptions were analyzed thematically. The outcome expectancy theory was used to categorize the results into determinants and deterrents of use. HTPs were viewed by participants as another mode of smoking. The results showed that most participants perceived e-cigarettes and HTPs to be healthier alternatives to cigarettes\/waterpipes and to be used as smoking cessation tools. Both e-cigarettes and HTPs were found to be easily accessible in Lebanon; although, in the recent economic crisis, e-cigarettes have become unaffordable. More research is needed to investigate the motivations and behaviors of e-cigarette and HTP users if effective policies and regulations are to be developed and enforced. Furthermore, greater public health efforts need to be made to increase awareness of the harmful impacts of e-cigarettes and HTPs and to implement evidence-based cessation programs tailored to those modes of smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:28:09Z","timestamp":1677551289000},"page":"4273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding Determinants of Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults in Lebanon: Prevention and Policy Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sanaa","family":"Mugharbil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malak","family":"Tleis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramzi G.","family":"Salloum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Nakkash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon"},{"name":"Global and Community Health Department, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00086","article-title":"E-cigarette use among adolescents: An overview of the literature and future perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Perikleous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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