{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T15:00:05Z","timestamp":1766847605861,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2020ME228","2022CXGC021001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020ME228","2022CXGC021001"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project","award":["ZR2020ME228","2022CXGC021001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020ME228","2022CXGC021001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the removal ability of potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) on aqueous heavy metals has been confirmed by many researchers, little information focuses on the difference between the individual and simultaneous treatment of elements from the same family of the periodic table. In this project, two heavy metals, arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) were chosen as the target pollutants to investigate the removal ability of K2FeO4 and the influence of humic acid (HA) in simulated water and spiked lake water samples. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of both pollutants gradually increased along the Fe\/As or Sb mass ratios. The maximum removal rate of As(III) reached 99.5% at a pH of 5.6 and a Fe\/As mass ratio of 4.6 when the initial As(III) concentration was 0.5 mg\/L; while the maximum was 99.61% for Sb(III) at a pH of 4.5 and Fe\/Sb of 22.6 when the initial Sb(III) concentration was 0.5 mg\/L. It was found that HA inhibited the removal of individual As or Sb slightly and the removal efficiency of Sb was significantly higher than that of As with or without the addition of K2FeO4. For the co-existence system of As and Sb, the removal of As was improved sharply after the addition of K2FeO4, higher than Sb; while the latter was slightly better than that of As without K2FeO4, probably due to the stronger complexing ability of HA and Sb. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the precipitated products to reveal the potential removal mechanisms based on the experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T06:09:52Z","timestamp":1677564592000},"page":"4317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Humic Acids on the Removal of Arsenic and Antimony by Potassium Ferrate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1738-9924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Soil Pollution Prevention and Recalcination Center, Jinan 250033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-100809-125342","article-title":"Global Water Pollution and Human Health","volume":"35","author":"Schwarzenbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. 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