{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:19:21Z","timestamp":1793089161646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is characterized by pain, poor muscle strength of the wrist ex-tensors, and disability. Among the conservative rehabilitative approaches, focal as well as radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), are considered effective in LET management. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of focal (fESWT) and radial (rESWT) in terms of LET symptoms and the strength of wrist extensors, taking into account potential gender differences. This is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with LET treated with ESWT that had received a clinical and functional evaluation, including visuo-analogic scale (VAS), muscle strength using an electronic dynamometer during Cozen\u2019s test, and the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire. Follow-ups were carried out weekly in four visits after enrollment, and at 8 and 12 weeks. During the follow-ups, the VAS score decreased in both treatments, even if patients receiving fESWT reported early pain relief compared to those treated with rESWT (time for treatment p-value &lt; 0.001). Additionally, peak muscle strength increased independently of the device used, and again more rapidly in the fESWT group (time for treatment p-value &lt; 0.001). In the stratified analysis for sex and for the type of ESWT, rESWT appears to be less effective in female participants in terms of mean muscle strength and PRTEE scores, without differences according to the type of device used. The rESWT group reported a higher rate of minor adverse events (i.e., discomfort, p = 0.03) compared to fESWT. Our data suggest that both fESWT and rESWT might be effective in improving LET symptoms, even if the higher rate of painful procedures were reported in patients treated with rESWT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1677637697000},"page":"4371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Radial or Focal Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Real-Life Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5874-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaello","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Scientific Research, Campus Ludes, Off-Campus Semmelweis University, 6912 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Di Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antalgic Mini-Invasive and Rehab-Outpatients Unit, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Filoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Padre Pio Foundation and Rehabilitation Centers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mondardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Paolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Medical Science and Biotechnology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sparvieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale S. Liberatore, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1570-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domiziano","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antimo","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0976-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Iolascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2019.08.005","article-title":"Tennis elbow: A clinical review article","volume":"17","author":"Cutts","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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