{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:05:33Z","timestamp":1785369933227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province","award":["20375401D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20375401D"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province","award":["2021YFB3901203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901203"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["20375401D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20375401D"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFB3901203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of urban storms has increased, influenced by the climate changing and urbanization, and the process of urban rainfall runoff has also changed, leading to severe urban waterlogging problems. Against this background, the risk of urban waterlogging was analyzed and assessed accurately, using an urban stormwater model as necessary. Most studies have used urban hydrological models to assess flood risk; however, due to limited flow pipeline data, the calibration and the validation of the models are difficult. This study applied the MIKE URBAN model to build a drainage system model in the Beijing Future Science City of China, where the discharge of pipelines was absent. Three methods, of empirical calibration, formula validation, and validation based on field investigation, were used to calibrate and validate the parameters of the model. After the empirical calibration, the relative error range between the simulated value and the measured value was verified by the formula as within 25%. The simulated runoff depth was consistent with a field survey verified by the method of validation based on field investigation, showing the model has good applicability in the study area. Then, the rainfall scenarios of different return periods were designed and simulated. Simulation results showed that, for the 10-year return period, there are overflow pipe sections in northern and southern regions, and the number of overflow pipe sections in the northern region is more than that in the southern region. For the 20-year return period and 50-year return period, the number of overflow pipe sections and nodes in the northern region increased, while for the 100-year return period, the number of overflow nodes both increased. With the increase in the rainfall return period, the pipe network load increased, the points and sections prone to accumulation and waterlogging increased, and the regional waterlogging risk increased. The southern region is prone to waterlogging because the pipeline network density is higher than that in the northern region and the terrain is low-lying. This study provides a reference for the establishment of rainwater drainage models in regions with similar database limitations and provides a technical reference for the calibration and validation of stormwater models that lack rainfall runoff data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1678076998000},"page":"4640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Urban Flood Modeling and Risk Assessment with Limited Observation Data: The Beijing Future Science City of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0700-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Research Center of Water Ecological Civilization & Social Governance, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flood Disaster Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Emergency Management in China, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2008). 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