{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:46:10Z","timestamp":1787982370157,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial makeup cosmetics are commonly used products that are applied to the skin, and their ingredients come into contact with it for many years. Consequently, they should only contain substances that are considered safe or used within an allowable range of established concentrations. According to current European laws, all cosmetics approved for use should be entirely safe for their users, and the responsibility for this lies with manufacturers, distributors, and importers. However, the use of cosmetics can be associated with undesirable effects due to the presence of certain chemical substances. An analysis of 50 random facial makeup cosmetics commercially available on the European Union market and manufactured in six European countries was carried out, concerning the presence of substances with potential carcinogenic properties, as described in recent years in the literature. Nine types of facial makeup cosmetics were selected, and their compositions, as declared on the labels, were analyzed. The carcinogens were identified with information present in the European CosIng database and according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee\u2019s (IRAC) classification. As a result, the following potential carcinogens were identified: parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and ethylparaben), ethoxylated compounds (laureth-4, lautreth-7, or ethylene glycol polymers known as PEG), formaldehyde donors (imidazolidinyl urea, quaternium 15, and DMDM hydantoin), and ethanolamine and their derivatives (triethanolamine and diazolidinyl urea), as well as carbon and silica. In conclusion, all of the analyzed face makeup cosmetics contain potential carcinogenic substances. The literature review confirmed the suppositions regarding the potential carcinogenic effects of selected cosmetic ingredients. Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out studies on the long-term exposure of compounds present in cosmetics and perhaps introduce stricter standards and laws regulating the potential presence of carcinogens and their activity in cosmetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1678327307000},"page":"4780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Potential Carcinogens in Makeup Cosmetics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6173-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Balwierz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Biernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Jasi\u0144ska-Balwierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Academy of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Siod\u0142ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kusakiewicz-Dawid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2006-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kurek-G\u00f3recka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7387-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Olczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wioletta","family":"Och\u0119dzan-Siod\u0142ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13152","article-title":"Skin Barrier Immunity and Ageing","volume":"160","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3296","article-title":"Skin Barrier Damage and Itch: Review of Mechanisms, Topical Management and Future Directions","volume":"99","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm. 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