{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:33:47Z","timestamp":1781714027224,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: In oral surgery, bone regeneration is achieved through various types of bone grafts or bone substitutes and its success is usually analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy as an alternative to other techniques for bone quality evaluation during a standard oral surgery procedure. (2) Methods: The preliminary evaluation of bone augmentation during maxillary sinus floor elevation oral surgery was performed by Raman spectroscopy for several (five) patients during and after the surgery and the results were compared with postoperative data from histomorphometry, EDX and SEM analysis. (3) Results: After analyzing all the results for the bone samples according to the four methods (Raman, EDX, SEM and Histology) that were used in our study, the obtained result of the investigation provided a good augmentation process for three of the patients and partly successful augmentation process for two of the patients. The primary evaluation using Raman spectroscopy (in vivo and ex vivo investigation) was confirmed by histological results, thus having a first step for validation of Raman as a new method of imaging for dentistry. (4) Conclusions: Our results show that Raman spectroscopy could provide fast and reliable insight on bone condition during augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor. We emphasize the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed techniques as its accuracy could increase by performing larger size clinical trials. Using the Raman mapping, the method can serve as an alternative to histology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1678327307000},"page":"4789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preliminary Assessment of In Vivo Raman Spectroscopy Technique for Bone Quality Evaluation of Augmented Maxillary Sinus Floor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eduard","family":"Gatin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, Blv. Eroii Sanitari 8, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, DMSFAPA Department, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pal","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology Department, Semmelweiss University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan Marian","family":"Iordache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optospintronics Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics\u2014INOE 2000, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4705-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Iordache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optospintronics Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics\u2014INOE 2000, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalin Romeo","family":"Luculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAL Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor Str. 409, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriy","family":"Grygorovskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12091","article-title":"Wound models for periodontal and bone regeneration: The role of biologic research","volume":"68","author":"Sculean","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00317.x","article-title":"Does periodontal tissue regeneration really work?","volume":"51","author":"Bosshardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2019.05.002","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy: Application in periodontal and oral regenerative surgery for bone evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Gatin","year":"2019","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.122","article-title":"Stimulated Raman Histology for Rapid Intraoperative Diagnosis of Gliomas","volume":"150","author":"Di","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01266G","article-title":"Histological coherent Raman imaging: A prognostic review","volume":"143","author":"Cicerone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.07.015","article-title":"Accuracy of measurements and reliability of landmark identification with computed tomography (CT) techniques in the maxillofacial area: A systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Lou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg. 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