{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:46:36Z","timestamp":1784843196806,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51802162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51802162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51802162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51802162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018581","name":"the Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51802162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51802162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018581","name":"the Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018581","name":"the Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a compound with bioaccumulation toxicity and antibiotic resistance, is frequently detected in water at alarming concentrations, which is becoming an increasing concern. In this study, a low-cost ceramsite was developed from industrial solid wastes through sintering to remove CIP from wastewater. The effects of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, contact time, initial CIP concentration, and temperature were explored. More than 99% of CIP (20\u201360 mg\/L) was removed at around pH 2\u20134 by the ceramsite. The kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, revealing that chemisorption was the main rate-determining step. The isotherm data was better described by the Freundlich model, suggesting that CIP was removed by the formation of multiple layers on the heterogeneous surface. Moreover, the removal efficiency was practically higher than 95% during five regeneration cycles, when different regeneration methods were used, including calcination, HCl, and NaOH washing, indicating that the ceramsite exhibited outstanding reusability in removing CIP. The primary mechanism of CIP removal by the ceramsite was found to be the synergism of adsorption and flocculation, both of which depended on the release of Ca2+ from the ceramsite. In addition, strong Ca-CIP complexes could be formed through surface complexation and metal cation bridging between Ca2+ and different functional groups in CIP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T04:35:41Z","timestamp":1678682141000},"page":"5042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Waste-Based Ceramsite for the Efficient Removal of Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Solutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeting","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis and Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6214-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiharu","family":"Tokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"C\u00f3rdova-Udaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keishi","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juncheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3109\/14756360903373350","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin: Review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.116808","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-degrading Paraclostridium sp. isolated from sulfate-reducing bacteria-enriched sludge: Optimization and mechanism","volume":"191","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.07.154","article-title":"Encapsulation of iron nanoparticles with magnesium hydroxide shell for remarkable removal of ciprofloxacin from contaminated water","volume":"605","author":"Falyouna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.120","article-title":"Photocatalytic performance of 3D engineered chitosan hydrogels embedded with sulfur-doped C3N4\/ZnO nanoparticles for Ciprofloxacin removal: Degradation and mechanistic pathways","volume":"198","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115302","article-title":"Evaluation of factors influencing annual occurrence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of antibiotics in planktonic food webs of a large subtropical river in South China","volume":"170","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142596","article-title":"Occurrence and quantification of prevalent antibiotics in wastewater samples from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan","volume":"764","author":"Zafar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.07.008","article-title":"Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals","volume":"148","author":"Larsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2020.122737","article-title":"Development of Mn-PBA on GO sheets for adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin from water: Kinetics, isothermal, thermodynamic and mechanistic studies","volume":"245","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.09.041","article-title":"Degradation of ciprofloxacin by ozonation process under irradiation with UVA: Comparative study, performance and mechanism","volume":"147","author":"Asgari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.09.066","article-title":"Promotion of peroxydisulfate activation over Cu0.84Bi2.08O4 for visible light induced photodegradation of ciprofloxacin in water matrix","volume":"356","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. (2014). The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, Wellcome Trust."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environment\u2014A review\u2014Part I","volume":"75","author":"Kummerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.09.016","article-title":"Anti-organic fouling and anti-biofouling poly(piperazineamide) thin film nanocomposite membranes for low pressure removal of heavy metal ions","volume":"343","author":"Bera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2018.09.005","article-title":"High molecular weight poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) induces hierarchical surface morphology in poly (vinylidene fluoride) membrane and facilitates separation of oil-water emulsions","volume":"566","author":"Bhalani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106112","article-title":"A systematic review of moving bed biofilm reactor, membrane bioreactor, and moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: Comparison of research trends, removal mechanisms, and performance","volume":"9","author":"Saidulu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122837","article-title":"Removal of ciprofloxacin by persulfate activation with CuO: A pH-dependent mechanism","volume":"382","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-020-01271-7","article-title":"Efficacy of persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (US\/PS\/Fe3O4) for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Water Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126917","article-title":"Chitin-biocalcium as a novel superior composite for ciprofloxacin removal: Synergism of adsorption and flocculation","volume":"423","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.102474","article-title":"Antibiotic removal processes from water & wastewater for the protection of the aquatic environment-a review","volume":"45","author":"Sadhwani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.11.093","article-title":"Optimization of electrocoagulation process for efficient removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic using iron electrode; kinetic and isotherm studies of adsorption","volume":"225","author":"Yoosefian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-020-0706-z","article-title":"Adsorption performance and mechanism investigation of Mn2+ by facile synthesized ceramsites from lime mud and coal fly ash","volume":"38","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.02.021","article-title":"Continuous flow adsorption of ciprofloxacin by using a nanostructured chitin\/graphene oxide hybrid material","volume":"188","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3563-x","article-title":"Chitosan-based sorbent for efficient removal and extraction of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from aqueous solutions","volume":"186","author":"Nazraz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.122","article-title":"Metal-chelate sorbents based on carboxyalkylchitosans: Ciprofloxacin uptake by Cu(II) and Al(III)-chelated cryogels of N-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosan","volume":"131","author":"Privar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.04.046","article-title":"Ni\/NiO doped chitosan-cellulose based on the wastes of barley and shrimp for degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotic","volume":"18","author":"Honarmand","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol.-JMRT"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115775","article-title":"Role of moderately hydrophobic chitosan flocculants in the removal of trace antibiotics from water and membrane fouling control","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130949","article-title":"Synthesis of hybrid magnesium hydroxide\/magnesium oxide nanorods [Mg(OH)2\/MgO] for prompt and efficient adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions","volume":"342","author":"Falyouna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128514","article-title":"Cyclodextrin nanosponges as adsorbent material to remove hazardous pollutants from water: The case of ciprofloxacin","volume":"411","author":"Rizzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142370","article-title":"Adsorption of ciprofloxacin to functionalized nano-sized polystyrene plastic: Kinetics, thermochemistry and toxicity","volume":"750","author":"YilimulGati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.09.034","article-title":"Influence of Cu and Ca cations on ciprofloxacin transport in saturated porous media","volume":"262","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.106","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of ceramsites from lime mud and coal fly ash","volume":"95","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.136809","article-title":"Preparation and application of MgO-loaded tobermorite to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater","volume":"446","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.03.013","article-title":"Ca2+ and OH\u2212 release of the ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud","volume":"47","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9166","DOI":"10.1021\/es051109f","article-title":"Sorption of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin to aluminum and iron hydrous oxides","volume":"39","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"14 + 41","article-title":"Analysis of the factors affecting the color of ciprofloxacin lactate injection","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. J. Vet. Drug"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122705","article-title":"Interaction between chlortetracycline and calcium-rich biochar: Enhanced removal by adsorption coupled with flocculation","volume":"382","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112426","article-title":"Efficient performance of magnesium oxide loaded biochar for the significant removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution","volume":"221","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safe."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.09.013","article-title":"Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems","volume":"156","author":"Foo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worch, E. (2021). Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment: Fundamentals, Processes, and Modeling, De Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110715507"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125822","article-title":"Highly efficient As(III) removal in water using millimeter-sized porous granular MgO-biochar with high adsorption capacity","volume":"416","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122103","article-title":"Fundamental insights into ciprofloxacin adsorption by sulfate-reducing bacteria sludge: Mechanisms and thermodynamics","volume":"378","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/6\/5042\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:53:38Z","timestamp":1760122418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/6\/5042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20065042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20065042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]}}}