{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:22:25Z","timestamp":1768792945364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council of Great Britain","award":["170399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["170399"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence has shown an association between obesity and an increased risk of wound infection after caesarean section. This study was designed to examine if abdominal subcutaneous adiposity impacts upon cutaneous perfusion dynamics. Methods: Mild cool challenge, followed by real-time video thermography, was developed to map the appearance of abdominal \u2018hot spots\u2019. Correspondence of marked \u2018spots\u2019 with audible Doppler and colour and power Doppler ultrasound was performed. Results: 60 healthy, afebrile, women (20\u201368 years; BMI 18.5\u201344 kg\/m2) were recruited. Hot spot appearance consistently corresponded with audible Doppler sounds. Colour and power Doppler ultrasound revealed vessels at depths of 3\u201322 mm. No statistically significant interactions for BMI, abdominal circumference or environmental parameters were observed for hot spot count. The temperature of cold stimulus was significant for effects on spot count, but only for the first minute (p = 0.001). Thereafter, effects on spot numbers were not significant. Conclusions: Cutaneous \u2018perforator\u2019 mapping of the abdomen (via hot spot appearance) in healthy women, as a potential and future method for risk of perfusion-dependent wound healing complications, reveals that bedside mapping of skin perfusion is feasible over a short interval. Hot spot number was not influenced by BMI or indicators of central fat distribution (abdominal circumference) indicating variability in an individual\u2019s vascular anatomy. This study provides the underpinning methodology for personalised perfusion assessment after incisional surgery which may be a more reliable indicator of potential healing complications than body habitus as is currently the norm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:14:58Z","timestamp":1678774498000},"page":"5100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cutaneous Perfusion Dynamics of the Lower Abdomen in Healthy Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese Women: Methods Development Using Infrared Thermography with Applications for Future Wound Management after Caesarean Section"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1558-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charmaine","family":"Childs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Health & Social Care Research, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Nwaizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Health & Social Care Research, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2867-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Bullivant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Health & Social Care Research, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Willmott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semiconductor Materials and Devices Research Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3486-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semiconductor Materials and Devices Research Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6993-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Ousey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9611-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hora","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Health & Social Care Research, Health Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6710-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistic Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0340-6","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age: Results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth","volume":"13","author":"Vahratian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern. 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