{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:05:05Z","timestamp":1778702705785,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["\u201cRicerca Corrente 2022\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cRicerca Corrente 2022\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["\u201cRegione Puglia Grant 2019\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cRegione Puglia Grant 2019\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Apulia Government","award":["\u201cRicerca Corrente 2022\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cRicerca Corrente 2022\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Apulia Government","award":["\u201cRegione Puglia Grant 2019\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cRegione Puglia Grant 2019\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Like other parts of the body, the retina and its neurovascular system are also affected by age-related changes. The rising age of populations worldwide makes it important to study the pathologies related to age and their potential risk factors, such as diet and eating habits. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive power of food groups versus retinal features among noninstitutionalized older adults from Southern Italy using a machine learning approach. Methods: We recruited 530 subjects, with a mean age of 74 years, who were drawn from the large population of the Salus in Apulia Study. In the present cross-sectional study, eating habits were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. For the visual assessment, a complete ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography-angiography analyses were performed. Results: The analyses identified 13 out of the 28 food groups as predictors of all our retinal variables: grains, legumes, olives-vegetable oil, fruiting vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, sweets, fish, dairy, low-fat dairy, red meat, white meat, and processed meat. Conclusions: Eating habits and food consumption may be important risk factors for age-related retinal changes. A diet that provides the optimal intake of specific nutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory powers, including carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids, could have beneficial effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20065108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:14:58Z","timestamp":1678774498000},"page":"5108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Retinal Microvasculature and Neural Changes and Dietary Patterns in an Older Population in Southern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Tatoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Lampignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Donghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7951-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Niro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Hospital \u201cSS. Annunziata\u201d, ASL Taranto, 74100 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Castellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bortone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Zupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madia","family":"Lozupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Alessio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Boscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7271-0536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Sborgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience \u201cDiBraiN\u201d, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Eye Clinic Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Sardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2013.12.003","article-title":"The Good and the Bad of Being Connected: The Integrons of Aging","volume":"26","author":"Dillin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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