{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:41:28Z","timestamp":1781019688904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current global roll-out of 5G infrastructure is designed to utilise millimetre wave frequencies (30\u2013300 GHz range) at data transmission rates in the order of gigabits per second (Gbps). This frequency band will be transmitted using beamforming, a new introduction in near-field exposures. The International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has recently updated their guidelines. We briefly examine whether the new approach of the ICNIRP is satisfactory to prevent heat damage and other adverse bio-effects once millimetre wave 5G is included, and we challenge the use of surface-only exposure assessment for local exposures greater than 6 GHz in part due to possible Brillouin precursor pulse formation. However, this is relevant whether or not Brillouin precursors occur from absorption of either 5G or future G transmissions. Many significant sources conclude there is insufficient research to assure safety even from the heat perspective. To date, there has been no published in vivo, in vitro or epidemiological research using exposures to 5G New Radio beam-formed signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T03:31:48Z","timestamp":1679887908000},"page":"5267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["ICNIRP Guidelines\u2019 Exposure Assessment Method for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Redmayne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Maisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association Inc. (ORSAA), Brisbane, QLD 4020, Australia"},{"name":"The Australasian College of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (ACNEM), Melbourne, VIC 3205, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13282","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2963514","article-title":"Beam Management in Millimeter-Wave Communications for 5G and Beyond","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). ICNIRP, ICNIRP Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). Health Phys., 118, 483\u2013524.","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022). 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