{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:01:45Z","timestamp":1789585305970,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are commonly observed in migrants. Although Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be helpful to treat these diseases, it remains difficult to propose EMDR as an individual intervention in help-seeking migrants. Group EMDR, like Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP), which was built around the 8 phases of the original EMDR protocol, could offer an effective treatment to a large number of people. It may also be more resource-efficient to provide psychiatric care to migrants. Methods: In this open-label trial, the feasibility and the effectiveness of a 6-session G-TEP intervention was investigated in a group of 10 migrants. Results: The intervention was well tolerated by participants. The final attrition rate was 10%. After the intervention, there was a 28.2% significant decrease in PTSD and complex PTSD symptoms, as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaires (total_ITQ) scores (p = 0.013) and a trend towards a significant decrease in MDD symptoms, as measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (p = 0.057). Conclusions: G-TEP may be effective in decreasing PTSD symptoms in migrants. The accessibility, low-cost, and very structured features of G-TEP may make its implementation sustainable in the field of psychiatric care for migrants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1680753595000},"page":"5419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Relevance and Feasibility of Group Traumatic Episode Protocol Delivered to Migrants: A Pilot Field Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Vignaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Centre R\u00e9gional du Psychotraumatisme Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes, F-69437 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Cellule D\u2019urgences Medico-Psychologiques, F-69437 Lyon, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69500 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7503-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chauliac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Centre R\u00e9gional du Psychotraumatisme Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes, F-69437 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Contamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 4 Rue du Viel Renvers\u00e9, F-69005 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Richer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 19 Rue de la R\u00e9publique, F-69600 Oullins, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9292-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Vuillermoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP), INSERM, Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, F-75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Brunelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69500 Bron, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Centre R\u00e9gional du Psychotraumatisme Auvergne Rh\u00f4ne Alpes, F-69437 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Cellule D\u2019urgences Medico-Psychologiques, F-69437 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogic, M., Njoku, A., and Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: A systematic literature review. BMC Int. Health Hum. Rights, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-015-0064-9"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61027-6","article-title":"Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: A systematic review","volume":"365","author":"Fazel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Priebe, S., Giacco, D., El-Nagib, R., and Health Evidence Network (2018, December 05). Public Health Aspects of Mental Health Among Migrants and Refugees: A review of the Evidence on Mental Health Care for Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Irregular Migrants in the WHO European Region. Available online: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0003\/317622\/HEN-synthesis-report-47.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Shapiro, F. (2018). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EDMR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, The Guilford Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.021402","article-title":"Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Bisson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.004","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood abuse","volume":"34","author":"Ehring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"e3250","article-title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.7.4.225","article-title":"Is EMDR an Evidenced-Based Treatment for Depression? A Review of the Literature","volume":"7","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. EMDR Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.01.005","article-title":"The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing toward anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"123","author":"Yunitri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22421","article-title":"The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies New Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Methodology and Development Process","volume":"32","author":"Bisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"NICE Guidance (2018, December 05). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, NICE. Available online: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng116."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"WHO (2013, August 06). Assessment and Management of Conditions Specifically Related to Stress: MhGAP Intervention Guide Module (version 1.0) 2013. World Health Organization, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK190416\/."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"WHO (2018, December 05). Mental Health Promotion and Mental Health Care in Refugees and Migrants: Technical Guidance. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/342277."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Shapiro, E. (2013). The Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP) for Early EMDR Intervention (EEI), Springer."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Shapiro, E., and Moench, J. (2017). EMDR GroupTraumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP) Manual, Springer. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2549","article-title":"Group eye movement desensitization and reprocessing interventions in adults and children: A systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials","volume":"28","author":"Kaptan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.13.2.143","article-title":"EMDR Group Treatment of Children Refugees\u2014A Field Study","volume":"13","author":"Perilli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. EMDR Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"555841","article-title":"A Field Study on the EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress Provided to Adolescent Eritrean Refugees Living in Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.11.3.129","article-title":"Evaluating the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Refugees: A Field Study","volume":"11","author":"Lehnung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. EMDR Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00493","article-title":"An Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Group Intervention for Syrian Refugees with Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"9","author":"Yurtsever","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/7\/5419\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:10:59Z","timestamp":1760123459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/7\/5419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20075419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20075419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}