{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:06:06Z","timestamp":1760148366500,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is no definitive evidence on the extent of SARS-CoV-2\u2019s effect on the retina. This study aims to determine if the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects tomographic findings in the retina of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients underwent ophthalmological explorations and optical coherence tomography during the acute phase of the infection and at a follow-up 12 weeks later. The primary outcomes were the central retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness, which were compared longitudinally and with non-COVID-19 historical controls. No statistically relevant differences were observed in the longitudinal analysis of the thickness of the central retina (p = 0.056), central choroid (p = 0.99), retinal nerve fiber layer (p = 0.21), or ganglion cell layer (p = 0.32). Patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia showed significantly greater central retinal thickness than non-COVID controls (p = 0.006). In conclusion, tomographic measures of the retina and choroid are not influenced by the phase of COVID-19 infection and remain stable during 12 weeks. The central retinal thickness may increase in the acute phase of COVID-19 pneumonia, but more epidemiological studies using optical coherence tomography in the early stages of the disease are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20095659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T02:18:34Z","timestamp":1682561914000},"page":"5659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tomographic Findings in the Retina of Unvaccinated Patients with COVID Pneumonia: Prospective Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0310-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Enrique","family":"Monera Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Unit, Ophthalmology Service, General University Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1797-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Vicente","family":"Baeza Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Unit, Ophthalmology Service, General University Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6947-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Lopez-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Fernandez Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Unit, Ophthalmology Service, General University Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Juan","family":"Martinez Toldos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Unit, Ophthalmology Service, General University Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente F.","family":"Gil-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05190-5","article-title":"Cytokine storm in COVID-19: Pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment","volume":"39","author":"Soy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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