{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:31:42Z","timestamp":1791775902798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitality and health-related quality of life are often assessed in older adults. However, these assessments do not provide guidance on support for older adults with different levels of vitality and health-related quality of life. This guidance can be established through segmentation. The Subjective Health Experience model segments individuals and indicates support for each segment. By examining how older adults with different levels of vitality and health-related quality of life correspond with each segment and by specifying the indicated support to older adults, guidance can be established. This was examined by administering a questionnaire to 904 older adults and interviewing 8. Analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the matrix method. In segment 1, older adults sustained higher levels of vitality and health-related quality of life relative to other segments. They need information and certainty. In segment 2, older adults sustained lower levels of vitality and health-related quality of life relative to segment 1, and higher levels relative to segment 3 or 4. They need planning and structure. In segment 3, older adults sustained lower levels of vitality and health-related quality of life relative to segment 1 or 2, and higher levels relative to segment 4. They need emotive assistance. In segment 4, older adults sustained lower levels of vitality and health-related quality of life relative to other segments. They need personal coaching. As levels of vitality and health-related quality of life correspond with the segments, deploying vitality and health-related quality of life measures together with the model might be beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20116052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:08:15Z","timestamp":1686017295000},"page":"6052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Determining the Appropriate Support for Older Adults with Different Levels of Vitality and Health-Related Quality of Life: An Explanatory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Damien S. E.","family":"Broekharst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marketing & Supply Chain Management, Nyenrode Business University, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjaak","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marketing & Supply Chain Management, Nyenrode Business University, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije","family":"Blok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00ebt","family":"Raatgever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncology, Bravis Hospital, 4708 AE Roosendaal, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathascha","family":"Hanzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen-Cilag B.V., Johnson & Johnson, 4837 DS Breda, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmien J. E.","family":"de Vette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marketing & Supply Chain Management, Nyenrode Business University, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, November 26). The Global Health Observatory, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/mortality-and-global-health-estimates\/ghe-life-expectancy-and-healthy-life-expectancy."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1365-2","article-title":"From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing","volume":"571","author":"Campisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00516-4","article-title":"The world report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing","volume":"387","author":"Beard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1444-1586.2002.00016.x","article-title":"Vitality Index as a useful tool to assess elderly with dementia","volume":"2","author":"Toba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2004.00035.x","article-title":"Healthy ageing: How is it defined and measured?","volume":"23","author":"Peel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s12508-015-0013-y","article-title":"Wat is vitaliteit en hoe is het te meten?","volume":"93","author":"Strijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"TSG"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.01.006","article-title":"Effects of three training types on vitality among older adults: A self-determination theory perspective","volume":"13","author":"Solberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloem, S., Stalpers, J., Groenland, E.A., van Montfort, K., van Raaij, W.F., and de Rooij, K. (2020). Segmentation of health-care consumers: Psychological determinants of subjective health and other person-related variables. BMC Health Serv. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05560-4"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x","article-title":"On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being","volume":"65","author":"Ryan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02622.x","article-title":"The protective effect of emotional vitality on adverse health outcomes in disabled older women","volume":"48","author":"Penninx","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ryan, R.M., and Bernstein, J.H. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"90","article-title":"Bevlogenheid: Een begrip gemeten","volume":"17","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gedrag Organ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305285069","article-title":"Promoting vitality in health and physical education","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.11.045","article-title":"Emotional vitality: Concept of importance for rehabilitation","volume":"94","author":"Barbic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabilit."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Stam, M.J. (2006). Vitaliteit is te meten. Movemens, 8\u201320."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.12.1393","article-title":"Emotional vitality and incident coronary heart disease: Benefits of healthy psychological functioning","volume":"64","author":"Kubzansky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Wijlhuizen, E. (2017, December 18). Vitaliteitmanagement en de rol van de Preventiemedewerker. Available online: https:\/\/www.arbo-online.nl\/6009\/vitaliteitmanagement-en-de-rol-van-de-preventiemedewerker."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Strijk, J.E. (2013). Hoe Vitaal is Nederland? De Nederlandse Vitaliteitsmeter de Vita-16, TNO."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Vuuren, T. (2011). Vitaliteitsmanagement: Je Hoeft Niet Ziek te Zijn om Beter te Worden! Oratierede, Open Universiteit.","DOI":"10.5117\/2012.025.004.400"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04070-5","article-title":"Differences between expert reported and patient reported burden of disease rankings","volume":"12","author":"Broekharst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"570","article-title":"Explanatory sequential mixed method design as the third research community of knowledge claim","volume":"4","author":"Subedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.5172\/mra.3.2.140","article-title":"A sequential mixed model research design: Design, analytical and display issues","volume":"3","author":"Cameron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mult. Res. Approaches"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2014.03.21.4.8.e1219","article-title":"Breaking from binaries\u2013using a sequential mixed methods design","volume":"21","author":"Larkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164494054003023","article-title":"Validating research results when Cronbach\u2019s alpha is below. 70: A methodological procedure","volume":"54","author":"Bernardi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006288308","article-title":"Treating Cronbach\u2019s alpha reliability coefficients as data in counseling research","volume":"34","author":"Helms","year":"2006","journal-title":"Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98","article-title":"What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications","volume":"78","author":"Cortina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2","article-title":"The use of Cronbach\u2019s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education","volume":"48","author":"Taber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurvich, V., and Naumova, M. (2021). Logical Contradictions in the One-Way ANOVA and Tukey\u2013Kramer Multiple Comparisons Tests with More than Two Groups of Observations. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081387"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1981.10479331","article-title":"The status of multiple comparisons: Simultaneous estimation of all pairwise comparisons in one-way ANOVA designs","volume":"35","author":"Stoline","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBG.2018.094106","article-title":"Employing the matrix method as a tool for the analysis of qualitative research data in the business domain","volume":"21","author":"Groenland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Glob."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/104973230201200611","article-title":"Matrix analysis as a complementary analytic strategy in qualitative inquiry","volume":"12","author":"Averill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2007.10.008","article-title":"Helpful self-control: Autonomy support, vitality, and depletion","volume":"44","author":"Muraven","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.05.032","article-title":"Vitality training\u2014A mindfulness-and acceptance-based intervention for chronic pain","volume":"100","author":"Zangi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14795","article-title":"Evaluation of adding the community reinforcement approach to motivational enhancement therapy for adults aged 60 years and older with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"115","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2004-16404","article-title":"A literature review study of information and communication technology as a support for frail older people living at home and their family carers","volume":"16","author":"Magnusson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Technol. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138922","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009167","article-title":"Integration of the mobile robot and internet of things to monitor older people","volume":"8","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-011-9121-4","article-title":"Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of human needs and the adoption of health-related technologies for older adults","volume":"37","author":"Thielke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ageing Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770170606","article-title":"The relationship of emotional and tangible support to psychological well-being among older women with heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Friedman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.043","article-title":"Social participation and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: Emotional social support as a mediator","volume":"137","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/107839039500100105","article-title":"Existential psychotherapy with older adults","volume":"1","author":"McDougall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259802012273","article-title":"Counselling older adults","volume":"12","author":"Rainsford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1208","article-title":"A comparison of the reproducibility and the sensitivity to change of visual analogue scales, Borg scales, and Likert scales in normal subjects during submaximal exercise","volume":"116","author":"Grant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/11\/6052\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:48:29Z","timestamp":1760125709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/11\/6052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20116052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20116052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]}}}