{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:22:23Z","timestamp":1784661743399,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People living with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) often have to use clean intermittent catheters (CIC) to manage their bladder function. The use of catheters presents multiple unique challenges, based on both the person\u2019s inherent characteristics and on the external limitations imposed by public toilets. We review the impact of age, sex, upper limb function, caregiver assistance, time required to perform CIC, and urinary incontinence on CIC in NLUTD, with special reference to their interaction with societal and public health factors. Public toilet limitations, such as lack of availability, adequate space and special accommodation for CIC, cleanliness, and catheter design are also reviewed. These potential barriers play a significant role in the perception and performance of bladder care in people living with NLUTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:58:32Z","timestamp":1686193112000},"page":"6079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Internal and External Barriers to Bladder Management in Persons with Neurologic Disease Performing Intermittent Catheterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2391-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber S.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blayne","family":"Welk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, Ontario, ON N6G 2M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23887","article-title":"Bladder Management Experiences among People Living with Neurologic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research","volume":"38","author":"Welk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol. 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