{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:41:39Z","timestamp":1788964899673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional paralysis of the upper extremities occurs in &gt;70% of all patients after having a stroke, and &gt;60% showed decreased hand dexterity. A total of 30 patients with a subacute stroke were randomly allocated to either high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with motor learning (n = 14) or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with motor learning (n = 16). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with the motor learning group was conducted for 20 min (10 min of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and 10 min of motor learning) three times a week for 4 weeks. The sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with the motor learning group received 12 20-min sessions (10 min of sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and 10 min of motor learning). This was held three times a week for 4 weeks. Upper-limb function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Limbs) and upper-limb dexterity (box and block tests) concerning upper-limb motor function and grip force (hand grip dynamometer), and activities of daily living (Korean version of the modified Barthel index), were measured pre- and post-intervention. In both groups, there were significant improvements in the upper-limb motor function, grip force, and activities of daily living (p &lt; 0.05). Regarding grip force, the high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with the motor learning group improved significantly compared to the sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with the motor learning group (p &lt; 0.05). However, except for grip force, there were no significant differences in the upper-limb motor function or activities of daily living between the groups. These findings suggest that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with motor learning is more likely to improve grip force than motor learning alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T08:37:33Z","timestamp":1686299853000},"page":"6093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Motor Learning on Motor Function and Grip Force of the Upper Limbs and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with a Subacute Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7672-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungwoo","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong-si 30099, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0413-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01792, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Martin, S.C., and Kessler, M. 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