{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:32:20Z","timestamp":1773243140708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/DTP\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/DTP\/04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity and decreasing fitness levels among the youth are growing concerns in Portugal, similar to other developed countries, with implications for health and psychomotor development. Understanding the influence of health determinants such as sex and age are crucial for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to analyze the association between sex and chronological age with obesity status and physical fitness in Portuguese adolescents. A total of 170 adolescents (85 males and 85 females) were evaluated for body mass index, abdominal adiposity, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed in a 40 m sprint using the FITescola\u00ae physical fitness battery, a Portuguese government initiative. The general model, analyzed using Pillai\u2019s trace, showed a significant effect of age and sex on body mass index, abdominal circumference, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed (V = 0.99, F (7) = 10,916.4, p &lt; 0.001, partial \u03b72, sex = 0.22; age = 0.43, sex and age interaction = 0.10). Boys had higher physical fitness levels than girls in most tests, but both sex groups had a significantly higher proportion of non-fit adolescents, with boys showing the highest number of participants classified as non-fit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T03:28:54Z","timestamp":1686626934000},"page":"6115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Obesity Status and Physical Fitness Levels in Male and Female Portuguese Adolescents: A Two-Way Multivariate Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESECS\u2014Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Miguel","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9558-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem","family":"Gouili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soukaina","family":"Hattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Sortwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame, Sydney 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Silva-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT -IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Higher 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