{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:18:23Z","timestamp":1789201103183,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["T32HD049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD049302"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["P2CHD047873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD047873"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["P2CHD050959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD050959"]}]},{"name":"Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","award":["T32HD049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD049302"]}]},{"name":"Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","award":["P2CHD047873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD047873"]}]},{"name":"Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","award":["P2CHD050959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD050959"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["T32HD049302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD049302"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["P2CHD047873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD047873"]}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["P2CHD050959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD050959"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parents and children are close over the life course. However, these relationships often change as parents age and children enter adulthood. Today, the entrance into adulthood for children has become delayed and increasingly unstable. Such changes may interrupt the child\u2019s acquisition of resources used to support themselves and their midlife parents, having implications for parents\u2019 mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of adult children\u2019s transitions to adulthood on parents\u2019 mental and physical health. Methods: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the Add Health Parent Study (AHPS), we investigated how certain transitions to adulthood (e.g., education, marriage, residential independence, employment, parenthood, and incarceration) for children were linked to the mental and physical health of their midlife parents. Results: In sum, we found that children\u2019s educational attainment was linked to fewer activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and depressive symptoms among parents. Children\u2019s marriage and employment were also associated with fewer ADL limitations among parents. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that adult children\u2019s circumstances are associated with the mental and physical health of their midlife parents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20126151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T10:19:22Z","timestamp":1686910762000},"page":"6151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Children\u2019s Transitions to Adulthood and Midlife Parents\u2019 Depressive Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living Conditions in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Hammersmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2307\/2786971","article-title":"Time, Human Agency, and Social Change: Perspectives on the Life Course","volume":"57","author":"Elder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. 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