{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:39:59Z","timestamp":1782347999801,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The current study assessed forgiveness (positive forgiveness and reduced unforgiveness), self-consciousness (rumination and reflection), and physical and mental health. The aim of the study was to check if self-consciousness mediates the relationship between dispositional forgiveness and health. Methods: To address this link, we conducted 2 studies (N = 484 in Study 1 and N = 249 in Study 2). Data were collected separately for Study 1, as well as Study 2. We used in both studies the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire, and additionally, the General Health Questionnaire-28 in Study 1 and the Scales of Psychological Well-Being in Study 2. Results: The results indicated that rumination was an effective mediator between positive forgiveness and mental health (B = 0.14, CI95% = [0.064, 0.234]), reduced unforgiveness and physical health (B = \u22120.13, CI95% = [\u22120.182, \u22120.088]), and both rumination and reflection between reduced unforgiveness and mental health (B = 0.13 CI95% = [0.051, 0.226]), positive forgiveness (B = \u22120.09 CI95% = [\u22120.135, \u22120.052]), and physical health. Conclusion: The mediating role of ruminations was more frequently observed in females. The study highlighted the indirect effect between forgiveness and health. Rumination and reflection are mediators between forgiveness and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20136229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T02:11:22Z","timestamp":1687831882000},"page":"6229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Forgive, Let Go, and Stay Well! The Relationship between Forgiveness and Physical and Mental Health in Women and Men: The Mediating Role of Self-Consciousness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2515-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Mr\u00f3z","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-029 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Kaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-029 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2011.603767","article-title":"Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Stress, and Social Support as Mediators of the Forgiveness-Health Relationship","volume":"152","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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