{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:17:23Z","timestamp":1760149043035,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Gender Equality Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uneven division of domestic factors may contribute to sex differences in sickness absence with psychiatric disorders. The aim of this scoping review was to compile current Nordic research on domestic factors and sickness absence with psychiatric disorders. A systematic search was performed to identify studies from the Nordic countries published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. Twelve studies were included. Marital status, family situation, work-home interference (in both directions), social affiliation, and loss of child\/young adult (suicide, accident, or natural death) were identified as measures of domestic factors. In 8 of the 12 studies, domestic factors were used as co-variates, while four used them as the main exposure. Social affiliation, home-to-work conflict, and total workload were not associated with the outcome. One study found that parents with children older than two years, widows\/widowers, and those divorced or unmarried had an increased risk of sickness absence with psychiatric disorders. One study found that work-to-home conflict was associated with sickness absence with stress-related diagnoses in men, and with other mental disorders in women. Finally, one study found that losing a son or daughter aged 16\u201324 years increased the risk of future sickness absence with a psychiatric disorder regardless of the cause of death. Future studies need to develop concepts, study designs, and measurements to move this research area further. In particular, the concept of \u201cunpaid domestic work\u201d needs theoretical and empirical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20136292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1688518384000},"page":"6292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Domestic Factors as Determinant of Sickness Absence with Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review of Nordic Research Published between 2010\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnel","family":"Hensing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Staland-Nyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqy062","article-title":"Explaining the gender gap in sickness absence","volume":"68","author":"Mykletun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1301-x","article-title":"Work\u2013family conflict and well-being across Europe: The role of gender context","volume":"132","author":"Hagqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2021.1872759","article-title":"Gender equality in domestic work and sickness absence-a population-based study on women and men in Sweden","volume":"61","author":"Houkes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2010.109231","article-title":"Is gender inequality in the domestic sphere associated with psychological distress among women and men? Results from the Northern Swedish Cohort","volume":"66","author":"Harryson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molarius, A., and Metsini, A. (2021). Domestic work, self-reported diagnosed depression and related costs among women and men\u2014Results from a population-based study in Sweden. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189778"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494807085307","article-title":"Associations between strain in domestic work and self-rated health: A study of employed women in Sweden","volume":"36","author":"Alexanderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molarius, A., and Metsini, A. (2023). The Association between Time Spent in Domestic Work and Mental Health among Women and Men. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064948"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e775","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00160-8","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between unpaid labour and mental health in employed adults: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Ervin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0203-2","article-title":"The mental health effects of multiple work and family demands: A prospective study of psychiatric sickness absence in the French GAZEL study","volume":"42","author":"Melchior","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0322","article-title":"Psychosocial stressors at work and the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Duchaine","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-019-00216-1","article-title":"Age, period, and cohort effects for future employment, sickness absence, and disability pension by occupational gender segregation: A population-based study of all employed people in a country (>3 million)","volume":"110","author":"Wikman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2909","article-title":"Gender differences in sickness absence-the contribution of occupation and workplace","volume":"36","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Arends, I., Baer, N., Miranda, V., Prinz, C., and Singh, S. (2014). OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing. No. 161."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"OECD (2012). Mental Health and Work, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"OECD (2021). Mental Health and Work, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"OECD\/EU (2018). Health at a Glance: Europe 2018 State of Health in the EU Cycle, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3384","article-title":"Predictors of recurrent sickness absence among workers having returned to work after sickness absence due to common mental disorders","volume":"40","author":"Arends","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494820934275","article-title":"Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden","volume":"49","author":"Farrants","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002634","article-title":"Sickness Absence and Disability Pension in the Trade and Retail Industry: A Prospective Cohort Study of 192,000 White-Collar Workers in Sweden","volume":"64","author":"Farrants","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0540-4","article-title":"Recurrence of sickness absence due to common mental disorders","volume":"84","author":"Koopmans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12380","article-title":"Understanding scoping reviews: Definition, purpose, and process","volume":"29","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181e98731","article-title":"Risk factors for long-term absence due to psychiatric sickness: A register-based 5-year follow-up from the Oslo health study","volume":"52","author":"Foss","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.007","article-title":"Mental health by gender-specific occupational groups: Profiles, risks and dominance of predictors","volume":"238","author":"Halonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky024","article-title":"Unemployment and work disability due to common mental disorders among young adults: Selection or causation?","volume":"28","author":"Harkko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaila-Kangas, L., Koskinen, A., Leino-Arjas, P., Virtanen, M., H\u00e4rk\u00e4nen, T., and Lallukka, T. (2018). Alcohol use and sickness absence due to all causes and mental-or musculoskeletal disorders: A nationally representative study. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5059-8"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.12.006","article-title":"Human service work and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders: A prospective study of gender-specific patterns in 1,466,100 employees","volume":"31","author":"Kokkinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx107","article-title":"Labour market segregation and gender differences in sickness absence: Trends in 2005\u20132013 in Finland","volume":"62","author":"Leinonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Work. Expo. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-172672","article-title":"Mental disorder sick leave in Sweden: A population study","volume":"59","author":"Lidwall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105423","article-title":"Changes in common mental disorders and diagnosis-specific sickness absence: A register-linkage follow-up study among Finnish municipal employees","volume":"76","author":"Mauramo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-017-9669-9","article-title":"Work-home interference, perceived total workload, and the risk of future sickness absence due to stress-related mental diagnoses among women and men: A prospective twin study","volume":"25","author":"Svedberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3264","article-title":"Health risk behaviors and morbidity among hospital staff-comparison across hospital ward medical specialties in a study of 21 Finnish hospitals","volume":"38","author":"Virtanen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0997-7","article-title":"Functional impairment due to bereavement after the death of adolescent or young adult offspring in a national population study of 1,051,515 parents","volume":"50","author":"Wilcox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00712","article-title":"Effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment and their associations with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave-A case-control study of the Swedish working population","volume":"29","author":"Lidwall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"European Institute of Gender Equality (2023, April 13). Gender Equality Index. Available online: https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-equality-index\/2022\/compare-countries."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/13\/6292\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:05:47Z","timestamp":1760126747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/13\/6292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20136292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20136292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]}}}