{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:38Z","timestamp":1760149358045,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["Grants#299060, 349514, 349537","Grant #1115649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grants#299060, 349514, 349537","Grant #1115649"]}]},{"name":"The Australian Government Department of Health and National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["Grants#299060, 349514, 349537","Grant #1115649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grants#299060, 349514, 349537","Grant #1115649"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Among Australia\u2019s older population, the burden of oral disease is disproportionality borne by culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. This study aims to examine changes in untreated decay surfaces (DS) between 2004\u20132006 and 2017\u20132018 among older CALD and non-CALD Australians. Methods: Data were sourced Australian national oral health surveys conducted in 2004\u20132006 and 2017\u20132018. An Oaxaca\u2013Blinder decomposition analysis was used to assess the contribution of socio-demographics and dental behaviours. Results: A total of 246 CALD and 2853 non-CALD dentate participants aged 60+ years took part in 2004\u20132006, and 363 and 4278 in 2017\u20132018, respectively. There were increases in mean DS for both CALD (0.74 to 1.42) and non-CALD (0.72 to 1.50) groups between 2004\u20132006 and 2017\u20132018. The decomposition model showed that, for CALD participants in 2004\u20132006 with untreated DS, 40% of the contribution was from not having dental insurance; nearly three-quarters of the contribution was from last dental visit being over one year ago (72.9%) in 2017\u20132018. Among non-CALD participants in 2017\u20132018 with untreated DS, 42.5% of the contribution was from the last dental visit being over one year ago. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social determinants, including increased access to dental insurance, could mitigate the oral health inequities observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:10:45Z","timestamp":1690510245000},"page":"6455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Health Inequities among CALD and Non-CALD Older Australians: A Decomposition Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5450-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangqun","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020). Twenty Years of Population Change."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"AIHW (2022, February 10). Older Australians, Available online: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/older-people\/older-australians\/contents\/summary."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104335","article-title":"Global prevalence of edentulism and dental caries in middle-aged and elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Roccuzzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"ARCPOH (2019). Australia\u2019s Oral Health: National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017\u20132018, The University of Adelaide."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atanda, A.J., Livinski, A.A., London, S.D., Boroumand, S., Weatherspoon, D., Iafolla, T.J., and Dye, B.A. (2022). Tooth retention, health, and quality of life in older adults: A scoping review. BMC Oral Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02210-5"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2018). Australia\u2019s Health 2018.","DOI":"10.21820\/23987073.2018.2.80"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2023). Older Australians."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health (2019). Actions to Support Older Culturally and Linguistically Diverse People."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00489.x","article-title":"Profile of the oral health among ambulant older Greek and Italian migrants living in Melbourne","volume":"52","author":"Calache","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514545516","article-title":"Greater inequalities in dental treatment than in disease experience","volume":"93","author":"Mejia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2023). Oral Health and Dental Care in Australia."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2017). Potentially Preventable Hospitalisations 2015\u20132016."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Gratton Institute (2023). A Growing Cavity: Why Expanding Dental Coverage is Increasingly Urgent, Gratton Institute."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"COAG (2023, February 15). Council of Australian Governments Health Council. Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives: Australia\u2019s National Oral Health Plan 2015\u20132024, Available online: https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/healthy-mouths-healthy-lives-australias-national-oral-health-plan-2015-2024?language=en."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12758","article-title":"National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017\u20132018: Study design and methods","volume":"65","author":"Chrisopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Slade, G.D., Spencer, A.J., and Roberts-Thomson, K.F. (2007). Australia\u2019s Dental Generations: The National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004\u20132006."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Hlavac, M. (2022, August 12). Oaxaca: Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition in R. R Package Version 0.1.5. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=oaxaca."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2307\/145830","article-title":"Employers\u2019 discriminatory behaviour and the estimation of wage discrimination","volume":"23","author":"Neumark","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.1067","article-title":"Adult Dental Health Survey 2009: Transformations in British oral health 1968\u20132009","volume":"213","author":"Steele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15777","article-title":"Changes in Older Adults\u2019 Oral Health and Disparities: 1999 to 2004 and 2011 to 2016","volume":"67","author":"Griffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"ABS (2023, February 23). Standards for Statistics on Cultural and Language Diversity, Available online: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/standards\/standards-statistics-cultural-and-language-diversity\/latest-release."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2023, March 01). Reporting on the Health of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Australia: An Exploratory Paper, Catalogue Number PHE 308, Available online: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/cald-australians\/reporting-health-cald-populations\/summary."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/15\/6455\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:20:31Z","timestamp":1760127631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/15\/6455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20156455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20156455","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}}}