{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T20:44:57Z","timestamp":1785012297211,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise in long COVID is poorly studied. Nevertheless, exerciserehabilitation could improve cardiorespiratory, muscular and autonomic functions. We aimed to investigate improvement in physical and autonomic performances of long COVID patients (n = 38) after a 4-week exercise rehabilitation program (3 sessions\/week) compared to two control groups composed of coronary artery disease (n = 38) and fibromyalgia patients (n = 38), two populations for whom exercise benefits are well known. Efficacy of exercise training was assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, a handgrip force test, and a supine heart rate variability recording at rest before and after the rehabilitation program. Cardiorespiratory and muscular parameters were enhanced after exercise rehabilitation in the three groups (p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was observed for the autonomic variables. Through this comparative study with control groups, we confirm and reinforce the interest of caring for long COVID patients without post-exertional symptom exacerbation by exercise rehabilitation of both strength and endurance training, by personalizing the program to the patient and symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T11:23:03Z","timestamp":1691061783000},"page":"6513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Physical Activity in Long COVID: A Comparative Study of Exercise Rehabilitation Benefits in Patients with Long COVID, Coronary Artery Disease and Fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Colas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1059, DVH Team, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Le Berre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Jacques Lisfranc Medicine Faculty, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Fanget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1059, DVH Team, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Savall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1059, DVH Team, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research in General Practice, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"CIRI\u2014Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Jean Monnet University, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"CIC 1408 Inserm, University Hospital Centre of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Goujon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Labeix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1059, DVH Team, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Bayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, 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