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More importantly, the advancements in brain imaging have produced a greater appreciation of the impact of diet on brain health. To date, our understanding of the effect of nutrients on brain health goes beyond the action of vitamins and minerals and dives into the intracellular, molecular, and epigenetic effects of nutrients. Bioactive compounds (BCs) in food are gaining a lot of attention due to their ability to modulate gene expression. In addition, bioactive compounds activate some nuclear receptors that are the target of many pharmaceuticals. With the emergence of personalized medicine, gaining an understanding of the biologically active compounds may help with the customization of therapies. This review explores the prominent BCs that can impact cognitive functions and mental health to deliver a potentially prophylactic framework for practitioners. Another purpose is to identify potential gaps in the literature to suggest new research agendas for scientists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T11:23:03Z","timestamp":1691061783000},"page":"6518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bioactive Compounds for Customized Brain Health: What Are We and Where Should We Be Heading?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5213-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Begdache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Marhaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069880","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Patterns and Depression in Community-Dwelling Adults","volume":"99","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. 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