{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:54:19Z","timestamp":1768640059924,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health status, behavioral risk indicators, and the impact of smoking on oral health among Lithuanian adolescents. This representative cross-sectional study was conducted among 15-year-old Lithuanian adolescents. The method of multistage cluster sampling was used. A total of 1127 adolescents met the inclusion criteria. Two originally created self-reported questionnaires were used in this study. Dental caries, periodontal status, and oral hygiene status were evaluated by four trained researchers. A p-value \u2264 0.05 was set to indicate statistically significant differences. Statistical analysis included Mann\u2013Whitney, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Out of all the participants, 9.6% self-reported being a current tobacco smoker. The mean PI value was 1.14 \u00b1 0.69 among all the participants. Currently smoking adolescents had more active caries lesions (D-S) than those who did not smoke (13.2 \u00b1 16.4 vs. 9.8 \u00b1 10.7, p = 0.023). Considering periodontal status, non-smoking adolescents had significantly lower mean PSR index scores than current smokers (0.52 \u00b1 0.51 vs. 0.61 \u00b1 0.50, p = 0.0298). Tobacco smoking and the consumption of energy drinks were significantly associated (OR = 3.74, 95% CI 2.66\u20135.26, p &lt; 0.001) among participants. Currently smoking adolescents tended to have improper dietary habits, especially a higher consumption of energy drinks; thus, they were more likely to have active dental caries lesions, as well as poorer periodontal status, than their non-smoking peers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20166609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1692582416000},"page":"6609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study of Oral Health Status and Behavioral Risk Indicators among Non-Smoking and Currently Smoking Lithuanian Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0019-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Petrauskien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Migl\u0117","family":"\u017demaitien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egl\u0117 Aida","family":"Bendoraitien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sald\u016bnait\u0117-Miku\u010dionien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrida","family":"Vasiliauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Z\u016bbien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilija","family":"Andru\u0161kevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egl\u0117","family":"Slab\u0161inskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Luk\u0161os-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12685","article-title":"Interaction of lifestyle, behavior or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: Consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP\/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases","volume":"44","author":"Chapple","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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