{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:45:58Z","timestamp":1790952358189,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Africa Mother and Child Grants Programme Fund (AGP 4.46), funded by the Johnson &amp; Johnson family of companies","award":["AGP 4.46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGP 4.46"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), UK","award":["AGP 4.46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGP 4.46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treating clubfoot in walking-age children is debated, despite studies showing that using the Ponseti casting principles can correct the midfoot effectively. We aimed to explore techniques and approaches for the management of older children with clubfoot and identify consensus areas. A mixed-methods cross-sectional electronic survey on delayed-presenting clubfoot (DPC) was sent to 88 clubfoot practitioners (response rate 56.8%). We collected data on decision-making, casting, imaging, orthotics, surgery, recurrence, rehabilitation, multidisciplinary care, and contextual factors. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data were analysed using conventional content analysis. Many respondents reported using the Pirani score and some used the PAVER score to aid deformity severity assessment and correctability. Respondents consistently applied the Ponseti casting principles with a stepwise approach. Respondents reported economic, social, and other contextual factors that influenced the timing of the treatment, the decision to treat a bilateral deformity simultaneously, and casting intervals. Differences were seen around orthotic usage and surgical approaches, such as the use of tibialis anterior tendon transfer following full correction. In summary, the survey identified consensus areas in the overall principles of management for older children with clubfoot and the implementation of the Ponseti principles. The results indicate these principles are well recognised as a multidisciplinary approach for older children with clubfoot and can be adapted well for different geographical and healthcare contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20196846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T01:51:14Z","timestamp":1695865874000},"page":"6846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Treating Older Children with Clubfoot: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey of Expert Practitioners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3367-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Drury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Nunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children\u2019s Hospital of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 21634, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firaol","family":"Dandena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children\u2019s Hospital of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 21634, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B. D.","family":"Lavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102178","article-title":"The global birth prevalence of clubfoot: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Smythe","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199510000-00002","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note","volume":"77","author":"Cooper","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. 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