{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:42:56Z","timestamp":1760143376791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K10776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K10776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phenomenon of some patients with schizophrenia withdrawing and becoming hikikomori needs to be resolved. In some countries, outreach methods are being employed. In Japan, psychiatric home-visit nursing for patients with schizophrenia and hikikomori is being implemented. However, it is not based on sufficient evidence and relies on the experience and intuition of individual nurses. This study explored the underlying themes in the nursing practices of psychiatric home-visit nurses via semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses and a thematic analysis. Nine key themes emerged. Four themes\u2014(i) understanding the patient\u2019s world, (ii) supporting the patients as they are, (iii) providing a sense of relief, and (iv) having equal relationships\u2014highlighted the nurses\u2019 commitment to respecting patients\u2019 individuality while building and sustaining relationships. Two themes\u2014(v) exploring the right timing and (vi) waiting for the appropriate timing\u2014illustrated the nurses\u2019 anticipation of proactive patient engagement. Finally, three themes\u2014(vii) working together on things, (viii) continuing care for expanding the patient\u2019s world, and (ix) nursing care for the patient\u2019s future\u2014underscored the nurses\u2019 gradual and methodical approach to working alongside patients. Nursing practices based on these nine themes cultivated meaningful relationships and secured a sense of relief for the patients. Additionally, they awaited patients\u2019 proactive engagement and delivered timely support to facilitate positive daily life changes. These findings contribute to the establishment of evidence-based nursing practices for patients with schizophrenia and hikikomori.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21020181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T08:41:43Z","timestamp":1707122503000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring Psychiatric Home-Visit Nursing Practices for Patients with Schizophrenia and Hikikomori with a Thematic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maki","family":"Miou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 6540142, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Shin-Ai Gakuin University, 6-2-28 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 5380053, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Hyogo Medical University, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 6508530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayano","family":"Yotsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 6540142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5463-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misato","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 6540142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Takarazuka University, 1-13-16 Shibata, Kita-ku, Osaka 5300012, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 6540142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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