{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:37:55Z","timestamp":1779381475980,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Population Sciences, Health Assessment, Administration, Services, and Economics (INPHAASE)","award":["P3018205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3018205"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Population Sciences, Health Assessment, Administration, Services, and Economics (INPHAASE)","award":["P42ES030991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES030991"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Population Sciences, Health Assessment, Administration, Services, and Economics (INPHAASE)","award":["P30 ES020957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES020957"]}]},{"name":"Kellogg Foundation","award":["P3018205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3018205"]}]},{"name":"Kellogg Foundation","award":["P42ES030991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES030991"]}]},{"name":"Kellogg Foundation","award":["P30 ES020957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES020957"]}]},{"name":"Center for Leadership in Environmental Awareness and Research NIH","award":["P3018205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3018205"]}]},{"name":"Center for Leadership in Environmental Awareness and Research NIH","award":["P42ES030991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES030991"]}]},{"name":"Center for Leadership in Environmental Awareness and Research NIH","award":["P30 ES020957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES020957"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Center for Urban Response to Environmental Stressors NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3018205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3018205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Center for Urban Response to Environmental Stressors NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42ES030991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES030991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Center for Urban Response to Environmental Stressors NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 ES020957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES020957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African American women in the United States have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. DNA methylation is a potential mechanism by which exposure to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Data are from the Maternal Stress Study, which recruited African American women in the second trimester of pregnancy from February 2009 to June 2010. DNA methylation was measured in archived DNA from venous blood collected in the second trimester. Trimester-specific exposure to airshed BTEX was estimated using maternal self-reported addresses and geospatial models of ambient air pollution developed as part of the Geospatial Determinants of Health Outcomes Consortium. Among the 64 women with exposure and outcome data available, 46 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with BTEX exposure (FDR adjusted p-value &lt; 0.05) using a DMR-based epigenome-wide association study approach. Overall, 89% of DMRs consistently exhibited hypomethylation with increasing BTEX exposure. Biological pathway analysis identified 11 enriched pathways, with the top 3 involving gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor signaling, oxytocin in brain signaling, and the gustation pathway. These findings highlight the potential impact of BTEX on DNA methylation in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T04:31:23Z","timestamp":1708662683000},"page":"256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Impact of Environmental Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Exposure on Blood-Based DNA Methylation Profiles in Pregnant African American Women from Detroit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Straughen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Loveless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Burmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"Lamerato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9546-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence D.","family":"Lemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, Brooks Hall 314, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan F.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 2100 Engineering Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Gianluca","family":"Sperone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 2100 Engineering Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, 4841 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea E.","family":"Cassidy-Bushrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109845","article-title":"Prenatal airshed pollutants and preterm birth in an observational birth cohort study in Detroit, Michigan, USA","volume":"189","author":"Burmeister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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