{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T15:11:20Z","timestamp":1779117080269,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eisen Family Private Fund Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC Leadership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1198270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1198270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Victorian government\u2019s Operational Infrastructure Support Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Child sexual abuse is a form of violence that occurs across nations and cultures. Collective efforts are being made to address this issue within many Indigenous communities. In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have expressed the need for cultural models of healing child sexual abuse. A preliminary exploration of the relevant literature shows a lack of synthesis with regard to the current evidence base. This protocol outlines the methods and background for a scoping review that aims to explore and collate the broad scope of literature related to healing from child sexual abuse within an Indigenous context. The proposed review utilises a \u2018population, concept, and context structure\u2019 from the Joanna Briggs Institute to explore the broad scope of the literature within a scoping review framework. The target population is Indigenous survivors of child sexual abuse, including Indigenous populations from six distinct regions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples from Australia; M\u0101ori peoples from Aotearoa (New Zealand); First Nations, Inuit and M\u00e9tis peoples from Canada; Native American peoples from North America; Native peoples from Alaska; and the S\u00e1mi peoples of the S\u00e1pmi region in Northern Europe. The concept within the review is healing from an Indigenous perspective, which includes a broad range of processes related to both recovery and personal growth. The contexts explored within this review are any context in which healing from child sexual abuse can occur. This may include processes related to disclosure and accessing services, specific interventions or programs for survivors of child sexual abuse, as well as broader non-specific healing programs and personal experiences of healing without intervention. The scoping review will use search strings with broad inclusion and exclusion criteria to capture the potential breadth of perspectives. The search will be conducted across several academic databases and will also include an extensive search for grey literature. This protocol establishes the proposed benefits of this scoping review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1709801977000},"page":"311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Systematic Scoping Review of Indigenous People\u2019s Experience of Healing and Recovery from Child Sexual Abuse: A Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6189-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Milroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9440-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1112-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlina","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7923-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Lloyd-Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.12.028","article-title":"Preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia","volume":"85","author":"Sawrikar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.11.011","article-title":"Barriers to disclosing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A review of the literature and implications for practice in Australia","volume":"83","author":"Sawrikar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.08.015","article-title":"How aware of child sexual abuse (CSA) are ethnic minority communities? A literature review and suggestions for raising awareness in Australia","volume":"81","author":"Sawrikar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.06.021","article-title":"The treatment needs of victims\/survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) from ethnic minority communities: A literature review and suggestions for practice","volume":"79","author":"Sawrikar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244013518931","article-title":"Responding to Indigenous Australian Sexual Assault","volume":"4","author":"McCalman","year":"2014","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organisation [WHO] (2017). Responding to Children and Adolescents Who Have Been Sexually Abused: WHO Clinical Guidelines, WHO. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/259270\/9789241550147-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Archibald, L. (2006). Decolonization and Healing: Indigenous Experiences in the United States, New Zealand, Australia and Greenland, A. H. Foundation. Available online: http:\/\/www.ahf.ca\/downloads\/ibpengweb.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Tamariki, O. (2020). Understanding Maori Perspectives: Tamariki and Rangatahi Who Are Victims of Sexual Violence or Display Harmful Sexual Behaviour, Oranga Tamariki Ministry for Children."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"New South Wales Aboriginal Child Sexual Assault Taskforce (2006). Breaking the silence, creating the future: Addressing Child Sexual Assault in Aboriginal communities in New South Wales. Aust. Indig. Law Report., 10, 63\u201371. Available online: www.jstor.org\/stable\/26452603."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Wild, R., and Anderson, P. (2023, December 10). Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle \u201cLittle Children Are Sacred\u201d, Available online: https:\/\/humanrights.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/57.4%20%E2%80%9CLittle%20Children%20are%20Sacred%E2%80%9D%20report.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Newland, B. (2023, December 10). Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report, Available online: https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/dup\/inline-files\/bsi_investigative_report_may_2022_508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Design and Nature, Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Garbarino, J. (1995). Raising Children in a Socially Toxic Environment, Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Tomison, A.M., and Wise, S. (1999). Community-Based Approaches in Preventing Child Maltreatment, Australian Institute of Family Studies."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01524.x","article-title":"Child maltreatment as a social problem: The neglect of neglect","volume":"54","author":"Wolock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1037\/law0000119","article-title":"The attrition of indigenous and non-indigenous child sexual abuse cases in two Australian jurisdictions","volume":"23","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Public Policy Law"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Atkinson, C. (2008). The Violence Continuum: Aboriginal Australian Male Violence and Generational Post-Traumatic Stress. [Ph.D. Thesis, Charles Darwin University]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Bryant, C. (2023, December 10). Identifying the risks for Indigenous violent victimisation (Brief 6, December 2009). Syd. Indig. Justice Clgh., Available online: http:\/\/www.indigenousjustice.gov.au\/briefs\/brief006.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Hovane, V., and Cox, D. (2011). Closing the Gap on Family Violence: Driving Prevention and Intervention through Health Policy, Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse. Issues paper."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2022). Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence Data in Australia."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Amnesty International Australia (2007). Indigenous Peoples\u2019 Rights in Australia Today Where DO You Stand? The NT Intervention and Human Rights, Amnesty International Australia."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2022, August 18). United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous People-Observations on the Northern Territory Emergency Response in Australia. Available online: http:\/\/www.ncca.org.au\/files\/Natsiec\/NTER_Observations_FINAL_by_SR_Anaya_pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Commonwealth of Australia (2017). Final Report: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Commonwelath of Australia."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcz059","article-title":"Healing through Connection: An Aboriginal Community Designed, Developed and Delivered Cultural Healing Program for Aboriginal Survivors of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse","volume":"49","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Milroy, H., Lawrie, R., and Testro, P. (2018). Looking Where the Light Is: Creating and Restoring Safety and Healing. A Cultural Framework for Addressing Child Sexual Abuse in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities, Healing Foundation."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Healing Foundation (2018). Glossary of Healing Terms, Healing Foundation."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526","article-title":"Resilience to Loss and Potential Trauma","volume":"7","author":"Bonanno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02545.x","article-title":"A healed and healthy country: Understanding healing for Indigenous Australians","volume":"190","author":"Mackean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Aromataris, E., and Munn, Z. (2020). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, Joanna Briggs Institute."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Noyes, J., Booth, A., Hannes, K., Harden, A., Harris, J., Lewin, S., and Lockwood, C. (2011). Chapter 5: Extracting qualitative evidence. Supplementary Guidance for Inclusion of Qualitative Research in Cochrane Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Cochrane."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"372","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Thorpe, S., Gee, G., and Brown, S. (2021). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Protocols in Victoria. MCRI Guide for Researchers, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC] (2018). Keeping Research on Track II: A Companion Document to Ethicsl Conduct in Research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peopls and Communtities: Guidelines for Researchers and Stakeholders."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/3\/311\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:56:09Z","timestamp":1779116169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/3\/311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21030311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21030311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]}}}