{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:25:13Z","timestamp":1791638713336,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a rising global burden. Preventative strategies such as cardiac rehabilitation (CR) have shown a marked reduction in disease burden. Despite this, CR is underutilized worldwide. This study aims to identify the barriers to CR among patients diagnosed with CVD. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four major databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, were used to obtain studies published between 2010 and 2023. Search terms such as \u201cCardiac rehab*\u201d, \u201cBarrier*\u201d, \u201cCardiovascular\u201d, \u201cDisease\u201d, and \u201cdiagnosis*\u201d were utilized in order to obtain subject-specific studies relevant to the research question. Results: From the initial 2098 studies, only 14 were included in the final analysis, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative designs. The thematic analysis included \u201chealthcare system-related factors\u201d, \u201cSocioeconomic factors\u201d, and \u201cindividual characteristics\u201d. Healthcare system-related factors were mostly related to the poor availability of CR programs, lack of proper referral strategies, inadequate knowledge of CR provider and inter-provider communication issues, and lack of alternative methods of CR delivery. The socioeconomic barriers were lack of education, longer distance to CR facilities, high cost of care, unemployment, and poor income status. The identified individual characteristics were female gender, older age, and comorbidities. Conclusions: Lack of resources, poor access, educational attainment, and high cost of care were some of the barriers to CR, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Health policymakers and healthcare providers should implement strategies incorporating the issues identified in this scoping review. Systematic reviews may be required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1710336191000},"page":"339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation among Patients Diagnosed with Cardiovascular Diseases\u2014A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pupalan","family":"Iyngkaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavithra Yapa","family":"Appuhamilage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayani","family":"Patabandige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasadi Saubhagya","family":"Sarathchandra Peru Kandage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wania","family":"Usmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2023, March 27). 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