{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:26:08Z","timestamp":1778203568387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although golf is a low-impact sport without physical contact, its movements are carried out over a large range of motion, and their repetition can predispose athletes to the development of injuries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in golf athletes who participated in championships in southern Portugal, determining the types, locations and mechanisms of injury and their associated risk factors. The sample consisted of 140 athletes aged between 18 and 72 years, 133 (95%) being male. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire about sociodemographics, modality and injuries\u2019 characteristics. Throughout golf practice, 70 (50%) athletes reported injuries, totaling 133 injuries. In the 12-month period, 43 (30.7%) athletes suffered injuries, totaling 65 injuries. The injury proportion was of 0.31, and the injury rate was of 0.33 injuries per 1000 h of golf training. The most common injury type was muscle sprain or rupture (19; 30.9%), located in the lumbar spine (17; 27%), in which the repetitive movements were the main injury mechanism (42; 66.7%). The athletes who trained 4 times or more per week were 3.5 more likely (CI: 0.97\u201312.36; p = 0.056) to develop an injury while playing golf. Moderate injury presence was observed, with the high training frequency being an associated risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21050542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1714119507000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Golf Athletes: A Championship in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Minghelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, 8300-025 Silves, Portugal"},{"name":"INSIGHT\u2014Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Av. Jo\u00e3o Paulo II, Lote 544, 2\u00ba Andar, 1950-157 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia Palma","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, 8300-025 Silves, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Duarte","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, 8300-025 Silves, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Coelho","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, 8300-025 Silves, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001089","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001089","article-title":"Public health considerations regarding golf during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport. Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Matuszewski, E. (2023, January 05). How Golf Grew to an $84.1 Billion Industry. National Golf Foundation. Available online: https:\/\/www.ngf.org\/how-golf-grew-to-an-84-1-billion-industry\/."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"41","article-title":"A retrospective service audit of a mobile physiotherapy unit on the PGA European Golf Tour","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport Off. J. Assoc. Chart. Physiother. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535050-00005","article-title":"The role of biomechanics in maximising distance and accuracy of golf shots","volume":"35","author":"Hume","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gladdines, S., von Gerhardt, A., Verhagen, E., Beumer, A., Eygendaal, D., and GRIPP 9 study collaborative (2022). 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Sports Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/5\/542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:33:04Z","timestamp":1760106784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/5\/542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21050542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21050542","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}