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This study aimed to investigate the influence of various climatic factors on the temporal distribution of Anopheles\u00a0arabiensis populations in Mamfene, South Africa between 2014 and 2019. Time series analysis, wavelet analysis, cross-correlation analysis, and regression model combined with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were utilized to assess the relationship between climatic factors and An. arabiensis population density. In total 3826 adult An. arabiensis collected was used for the analysis. ARIMA (0, 1, 2) (0, 0, 1)12 models closely described the trends observed in An. arabiensis population density and distribution. The wavelet coherence and time-lagged correlation analysis showed positive correlations between An. arabiensis population density and temperature (r = 0.537 ), humidity (r = 0.495) and rainfall (r = 0.298) whilst wind showed negative correlations (r = \u22120.466). The regression model showed that temperature (p = 0.00119), rainfall (p = 0.0436), and humidity (p = 0.0441) as significant predictors for forecasting An. arabiensis abundance. The extended ARIMA model (AIC = 102.08) was a better fit for predicting An. arabiensis abundance compared to the basic model. Anopheles arabiensis still remains the predominant malaria vector in the study area and climate variables were found to have varying effects on the distribution and abundance of An. arabiensis. This necessitates other complementary vector control strategies such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) which involves releasing sterile males into the environment to reduce mosquito populations. This requires timely mosquito and climate information to precisely target releases and enhance the effectiveness of the program, consequently reducing the malaria risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21050558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T10:33:31Z","timestamp":1714559611000},"page":"558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Impact of Climatic Factors on Temporal Mosquito Distribution and Population Dynamics in an Area Targeted for Sterile Insect Technique Pilot Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2194-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa Taona","family":"Mazarire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa"},{"name":"Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"},{"name":"Geoinformatics Division, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resource and Engineering, Arcadia, Pretoria 0083, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Lobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon Wakshom","family":"Newete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoinformatics Division, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resource and Engineering, Arcadia, Pretoria 0083, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Bramfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8431-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Givemore","family":"Munhenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa"},{"name":"Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715759","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.715759","article-title":"Emerging and Re-Emerging Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases and the Challenges for Control: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Chala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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