{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:43:06Z","timestamp":1760110986902,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Projects for workplace health promotion (WHP) for back pain traditionally focus exclusively on work-related but not on leisure-time stress on the spine. We developed a comprehensive WHP project on the back health of hospital workers regardless of the physical characteristics of their work and compared its effects on sedentary and physically active hospital workers. Methods: Study assessments were carried out before and six months after participation in the WHP intervention. The primary outcome parameter was back pain (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI). Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), work ability (Work Ability Index), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and quality of life (Short Form-36) were assessed via questionnaires as secondary outcome parameters. Physical performance was measured via the 30 seconds Sit-to-Stand test (30secSTS). Results: Sixty-eight healthcare workers with non-specific back pain were included in the evaluation study of the WHP project \u201cBack Health 24\/7\/365\u201d. After six months, back pain, physical performance, and self-perceived physical functioning (SF-36 Physical Functioning subscale) improved significantly in both groups. Not a single parameter showed an interaction effect with the group allocation. Conclusions: A comprehensive WHP-intervention showed significant positive effects on hospital workers regardless of the physical characteristics of their work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21060772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:52:10Z","timestamp":1718355130000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cBack Health 24\/7\/365\u201d\u2014A Novel, Comprehensive \u201cOne Size Fits All\u201d Workplace Health Promotion Intervention for Occupational Back Health among Hospital Employees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8263-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Hasenoehrl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarete","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Ebenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Sternik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5833-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Reissig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Stra\u00dfe 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5884-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galateja","family":"Jordakieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Crevenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1996.13423.x","article-title":"Work-related back pain in nurses","volume":"23","author":"Hignett","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.-Y., Liu, Y.-H., Chen, S.-M., Cheng, S.-C., and Liu, M.-F. (2022). The Effectiveness of Group-Based Core Stability Exercise and Educational Booklet for Hospital Workers in Taiwan with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063324"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally","volume":"8","author":"Dagenais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098765","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in the treatment of non-specific neck pain and low back pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-012-0008-8","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and work-related risk factors of low back pain among hospital nurses in Taiwan: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"CD006955","article-title":"Workplace interventions to prevent work disability in workers on sick leave","volume":"2015","author":"Franche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barene, S., Krustrup, P., and Holtermann, A. (2014). Effects of the Workplace Health Promotion Activities Soccer and Zumba on Muscle Pain, Work Ability and Perceived Physical Exertion among Female Hospital Employees. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115059"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07971-3","article-title":"The effect of a workplace wellness program on disability, function and pain in healthcare providers workers with low back pain-outcomes of 3040 academic health center employees","volume":"32","author":"Haddas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Csuhai, \u00c9.A., Nagy, A.C., Sz\u0151ll\u0151si, G.J., and Veres-Balajti, I. (2021). Impact Analysis of 20-Week Multimodal Progressive Functional-Proprioceptive Training among Sedentary Workers Affected by Non-Specific Low-Back Pain: An Interventional Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010592"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"513","article-title":"Back pain in industry: Prevalence, correlation with work conditions and requests for reassignment by employees","volume":"60","author":"Wanek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103186","article-title":"Questioning the value of manual material handling training: A scoping and critical literature review","volume":"89","author":"Denis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102346","article-title":"The effect of lifting during work on low back pain: A health impact assessment based on a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Coenen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102894","article-title":"Low back pain and its relationship with sitting behaviour among sedentary office workers","volume":"81","author":"Bontrup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.20.06004-9","article-title":"Manual handling of patients: Role of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing in health workers with chronic low back pain","volume":"56","author":"Lecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.04.018","article-title":"A physically active occupation does not result in compensatory inactivity during out-of-work hours","volume":"53","author":"Tigbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0815-0","article-title":"Development of a German version of the Oswestry Disability Index. Part 1: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity","volume":"15","author":"Mannion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G * Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.05.003","article-title":"Work ability index predicts application for disability pension after work-related medical rehabilitation for chronic back pain","volume":"94","author":"Bethge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"Decker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117715731","article-title":"The German Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10): Evaluation of Dimensionality, Validity, and Measurement Invariance With Exploratory and Confirmatory Bifactor Modeling","volume":"26","author":"Reis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2000.0178","article-title":"Validation of the German version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)","volume":"4","author":"Pfingsten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00115-N","article-title":"German translation and psychometric testing of the SF-36 Health Survey: Preliminary results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment","volume":"41","author":"Bullinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S91176","article-title":"The one repetition maximum test and the sit-to-stand test in the assessment of a specific pulmonary rehabilitation program on peripheral muscle strength in COPD patients","volume":"10","author":"Zanini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.05.007","article-title":"Occupational interventions for the prevention of back pain: Overview of systematic reviews","volume":"66","author":"Sowah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0455-2299","article-title":"Proper manual handling techniques to prevent low back pain, a Cochrane systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Verbeek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-009-9164-5","article-title":"Exercise for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of low back pain in the workplace: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.11.001","article-title":"High-quality controlled trials on preventing episodes of back problems: Systematic literature review in working-age adults","volume":"9","author":"Bigos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104010-00019","article-title":"Preventive interventions for back and neck pain problems: What is the evidence?","volume":"26","author":"Linton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.06.025","article-title":"Physical activity promotion as a strategic corporate priority to improve worker health and business performance","volume":"49","author":"Pronk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S220","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.s2.s220","article-title":"Physical Activity Promotion in Business and Industry: Evidence, Context, and Recommendations for a National Plan","volume":"6","author":"Pronk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102962","article-title":"Interventions to promote work ability by increasing sedentary workers\u2019 physical activity at workplaces\u2014A scoping review","volume":"82","author":"Lusa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001257","article-title":"Targeting Reductions in Sitting Time to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health","volume":"49","author":"Keadle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobsen, M.D., Sundstrup, E., Brandt, M., Jay, K., Aagaard, P., and Andersen, L.L. (2015). Physical exercise at the workplace prevents deterioration of work ability among healthcare workers: Cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2448-0"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sj\u00f8gaard, G., Justesen, J.B., Murray, M., Dalager, T., and S\u00f8gaard, K. (2014). A conceptual model for worksite intelligent physical exercise training-IPET-intervention for decreasing life style health risk indicators among employees: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-652"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.493","article-title":"A scoping review of workplace wellness audit tools assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"33","author":"Loitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Promot. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sj\u00f8gaard, G., S\u00f8gaard, K., Hansen, A.F., \u00d8stergaard, A.S., Teljigovic, S., and Dalager, T. (2023). Exercise Prescription for the Work-Life Population and Beyond. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk8020073"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konrad, A., Mo\u010dnik, R., Titze, S., Nakamura, M., and Tilp, M. (2021). The Influence of Stretching the Hip Flexor Muscles on Performance Parameters. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041936"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"76","article-title":"Trapezius muscle tone and viscoelastic properties in sitting and supine positions","volume":"33","author":"Viir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J. Work Environ. Health Suppl."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0269-7","article-title":"Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: A cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Cagnie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000603","article-title":"Is There an Economic Case for Training Intervention in the Manual Material Handling Sector of Developing Countries?","volume":"58","author":"Lahiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.028","article-title":"Back pain: Prevention and management in the workplace","volume":"29","author":"Schaafsma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/6\/772\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:58:30Z","timestamp":1760108310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/6\/772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21060772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21060772","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]}}}