{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1775857672190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To compare the acute effects of aquatic walking\/running versus dry-land walking\/running on blood glucose and plasma renin activity (PRA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes, participants with type 2 diabetes performed deep-water or dry-land walking and\/or running sessions in a swimming pool or on an athletics track, respectively. Both sessions comprised seven blocks of 3 min at 85\u201390% of the heart rate deflection point (HRDP), interspersed with 2 min at &lt;85% HRDP, totaling 35 min, with a 48 h interval between sessions. PRA and blood glucose were assessed before and immediately after the sessions. Generalized estimation equations were used to verify the session effects, with the Bonferroni post hoc test, considering the significance level as 0.05. Twelve individuals (53.2 \u00b1 8.9 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for 6.3 \u00b1 6.34 years participated in the study. A reduction in PRA was found only after the aquatic session (\u22127.75 ng\/mL\/h; \u221269%; p: 0.034), while both aquatic and dry-land sessions similarly reduced the blood glucose levels (aquatic: \u221238 mg\/dL, \u221221%; dry-land: \u221226 mg\/dL, \u221214%; time effect, p = 0.007). Despite yielding similar glycemic reductions as dry-land walking\/running, aquatic walking\/running led to an expressive decrease in PRA among individuals with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21070938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T16:51:12Z","timestamp":1721321472000},"page":"938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aerobic Exercise in the Aquatic Environment Suppresses the Plasma Renin Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Sudatti","family":"Delevatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5778-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa dos Santos","family":"Leonel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Gabriel da Silveira","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, University Campus, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31310-25, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Kanitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5258-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristine Lima","family":"Alberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisele Agustini","family":"Lovatel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionara Rodrigues","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Fernando Martins","family":"Kruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","article-title":"Exercise\/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"54","author":"Kanaley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. 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