{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:53:19Z","timestamp":1793508799124,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to devise a tilt sensation measurement method to evaluate ankle proprioception and to examine its reliability. It was also used to determine the relationship among tilt sensation abilities, physical development, and lower limb injuries in junior athletes. In this study, a step platform created tilt angles. Participants with eye masks answered \u201cyes\u201d or \u201cno\u201d to sensing a tilt, evaluated over nine or seven trials. Experiment 1 involved 22 university students (20.6 \u00b1 0.9 years). The minimum angle at which a tilt could be sensed while standing on both feet was determined, and measurements were taken again to examine reliability. Experiment 2 involved 40 junior athletes (12.3 \u00b1 2.0 years), where the minimum angle for tilt sensation was obtained, and medical checks were conducted to assess injuries in the knee, lower leg, and foot. Reliability studies showed a moderately significant correlation between the first and second sessions (r = 0.504, p = 0.017), suggesting the reliability of the experimental method. The proportion capable of sensing a tilt of 1.1\u00b0 and 1.6\u00b0 was significantly higher in junior high school students than in elementary school students (1.1\u00b0; \u03c72 = 8.839, p = 0.003. 1.6\u00b0; \u03c72 = 4.038, p = 0.044). The group unable to sense a tilt of 1.6\u00b0 and 2.1\u00b0 had a significantly higher positive rate of knee injuries compared to the sensed group among junior high school students (1.6\u00b0; \u03c72 = 4.622, p = 0.032. 2.1\u00b0; \u03c72 = 4.622, p = 0.032). Our findings suggested that a reduced tilt sensation ability was associated with knee injuries in junior high school students. Utilizing our devised tilt sensation assessment could play a crucial role in preventing and detecting early injuries in junior high school students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21070947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T14:16:38Z","timestamp":1721398598000},"page":"947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship between Tilt Sensation Ability and Lower Limb Injuries in Junior Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Underprograms of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Gonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Childhood Education, Nagoya Women\u2019s University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi 467-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6900-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Oku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machiko","family":"Hiramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3817-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Asahigaoka 3-11-1, Kashiwara-shi 582-0026, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3970-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Study, Faculty of Sport Study, Biwako Seikei Sport College, 1204 Kitahira, Otsu-shi 520-0503, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Morihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7669-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.61838\/kman.intjssh.5.1.2","article-title":"Does Alteration of Balance Control After Ankle Muscle Fatigue in National Judo Athletes Depend on Postural Task Difficulty?","volume":"5","author":"Ghram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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